Galvanic process for treating aqueous compositions

1. A method of treating an aqueous composition, the method comprising:

immersing a galvanic cell in the aqueous composition to form a treated aqueous composition, the galvanic cell comprising

an anode comprising Al,

a cathode having a different composition than the anode, the cathode comprising Cu, wherein the galvanic cell is free of an external electrical potential applied across the anode and cathode, wherein the cathode comprises a porous cathode material, and

a conductive connector that electrically connects the anode and the cathode, the conductive connector comprising Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Ni, Sn, Pb, or a combination thereof, wherein the conductive connector comprises a screw, a bolt, or a combination thereof, wherein the conductive connector maintains a gap between the anode and the cathode, and wherein the anode and cathode are free of direct contact with one another;

wherein the method eliminates or reduces an emulsion in the aqueous composition, coagulates and/or precipitates suspended solids from the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of one or more organic compounds in the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of one or more inorganic compounds in the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of one or more dyes and/or inks in the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of one or more metals in the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of one or more heavy metals, removes or decreases the concentration of one or more toxic compounds and/or materials in the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of fluoride in the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of sulfide in the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of arsenic in the aqueous composition, reduces the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of silica in the aqueous composition, reduces the turbidity of the aqueous composition, or a combination thereof.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method coagulates and/or precipitates suspended solids from the aqueous composition.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method eliminates or reduces an emulsion in the aqueous composition.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method reduces the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the aqueous composition.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method reduces the chemical oxygen demand of the aqueous composition by 3% to 95%.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method removes or decreases the concentration of one or more organic compounds in the aqueous composition.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method removes or decreases the concentration of one or more inorganic compounds in the aqueous composition.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method removes or decreases the concentration of one or more dyes and/or inks in the aqueous composition.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method removes or decreases the concentration of silica in the aqueous composition.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method decreases a concentration of SiO 3 2− in the aqueous composition by 20% to 90%.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conductive connector comprises brass.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises a planar frame of the galvanic cell and a cathode material comprised within a perimeter of the frame, wherein the cathode material is electrically connected to the frame, wherein the cathode material comprised within the perimeter of the planar frame comprises the porous cathode material.

13. The method of claim 1 , comprising

immersing one or more of the galvanic cells in an enclosure comprising the aqueous composition to form a solid that comprises a material from the aqueous composition; and

filtering the solid from the treated aqueous composition via one of more filters that are at least partially submerged in the aqueous composition that immerses the one or more galvanic cells.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the porous cathode material comprises a wire mesh or a wire screen.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immersing of the galvanic cell in the aqueous composition forms a hydroxide salt comprising a material form the aqueous composition and a material from the anode, further comprising removing the salt from the treated aqueous composition.

16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding acid, base, or a combination thereof to the aqueous composition to adjust the pH thereof.

17. A method of coagulating and/or precipitating suspended solids from an aqueous composition, the method comprising:

immersing a galvanic cell in the aqueous composition to form a treated aqueous composition comprising coagulated and/or precipitated suspended solids from the aqueous composition, the galvanic cell comprising

an anode comprising Al, wherein the anode is about 90 wt % to about 100 wt/Al,

a cathode comprising Cu, wherein the cathode is about 90 wt % to about 100 wt % Cu, wherein the cathode comprises a porous cathode material, and

a conductive connector that electrically connects the anode and the cathode, the conductive connector comprising an alloy comprising Cu and Zn, wherein the conductive connector comprises a screw, a bolt, or a combination thereof, wherein the conductive connector maintains a gap between the anode and the cathode, and wherein the anode and cathode are free of direct contact with one another; and

removing the coagulated and/or precipitated suspended solids from the treated aqueous composition.

18. A method of reducing or eliminating an emulsion from an aqueous composition, the method comprising:

immersing a galvanic cell in the aqueous composition comprising an oil/water and/or water/oil emulsion to reduce or eliminate the emulsion from the aqueous composition and to form a treated aqueous composition, the galvanic cell comprising

an anode comprising Al, wherein the anode is about 90 wt % to about 100 wt % Al,

a cathode comprising Cu, wherein the cathode is about 90 wt % to about 100 wt % Cu, wherein the cathode comprises a porous cathode material, and

a conductive connector that electrically connects the anode and the cathode, the conductive connector comprising an alloy comprising Cu and Zn, wherein the conductive connector comprises a screw, a bolt, or a combination thereof, wherein the conductive connector maintains a gap between the anode and the cathode, and wherein the anode and cathode are free of direct contact with one another;

wherein the method reduces the turbidity of the aqueous composition by 80% to 99.999%.

19. A method of treating an aqueous composition, the method comprising:

immersing a galvanic cell in the aqueous composition to form a treated aqueous composition, the galvanic cell comprising

a plurality of anodes comprising Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, or a combination thereof,

a cathode having a different composition than the anode, the cathode comprising Cu, Ni, Fe, or a combination thereof, wherein the cathode comprises a planar frame of the galvanic cell having a polygonal perimeter and a porous material comprised within the perimeter of the frame that is a wire mesh or a wire screen that is in direct contact with the frame, and

a plurality of conductive connectors that electrically connect each of the anodes and the cathode, each of the conductive connectors comprising Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Ni, Sn, Pb, or a combination thereof, wherein each of the anodes is a strip fastened to the planar frame at two opposite edges of the planar frame on a face of the frame, wherein each of the anodes is fastened to the planar frame with at least one of the conductive connectors at each of the two edges of the planar frame, such that each of the anodes on the face are approximately parallel to one another on the face and span across the porous material comprised within the perimeter of the planar frame forming a gap between the porous material comprised within the perimeter of the planar frame and the anode strip, wherein each anode directly contacts the cathode frame at each of the edges of the planar frame where the anode is fastened to the planar frame via the at least one conductive connector, wherein the plurality of the anodes are spaced-apart across the face of the such that they do not physically contact one another, and wherein the gap is about 1 mm to about 110 mm;

wherein the method eliminates or reduces an emulsion in the aqueous composition, coagulates and/or precipitates suspended solids from the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of one or more organic compounds in the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of one or more inorganic compounds in the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of one or more dyes and/or inks in the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of one or more metals in the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of one or more heavy metals, removes or decreases the concentration of one or more toxic compounds and/or materials in the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of fluoride in the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of sulfide in the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of arsenic in the aqueous composition, reduces the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the aqueous composition, removes or decreases the concentration of silica in the aqueous composition, reduces the turbidity of the aqueous composition, or a combination thereof.