Coated drug compositions and methods of preparing the same
A pharmaceutical composition containing a metal oxide coated particle comprising 1) an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) core containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a polymer; and 2) a metal oxide coating, and the method of making said metal oxide coated particle by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The metal oxide coated particle is useful because it prevents the ASD from crystallization and helps maintain the ASD in an amorphous form.
1. A method of preparing a pharmaceutical composition comprising coated particles comprising amorphous solid dispersion of an active pharmaceutical ingredient enclosed by one or more metal oxide layers, the method comprising the sequential steps of:
(a) providing uncoated particles of an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a polymer, wherein the uncoated particles are at least 50% wt/wt API;
(b) performing atomic layer deposition to apply a metal oxide layer to the uncoated particles of an amorphous solid dispersion comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a polymer thereby preparing coated particles comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient enclosed by one or more metal oxide layers, wherein the ASD of the coated particles has a higher glass transition temperature than the ASD of the uncoated particles; and
(c) processing the coated particles to prepare a pharmaceutical composition.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the uncoated particles are at least 60% wt/wt API.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the uncoated particles are at least 70% wt/wt API.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coated particles have a D50 of 0.5 μm to 200 μm on a volume average basis.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the coated particles have a D90 of 200 μm to 2000 μmon a volume average basis.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyacrylates and polymethacrylates.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of performing atomic layer deposition comprises:
(b1) loading the particles comprising the drug into a reactor;
(b2) applying a vaporous or gaseous metal precursor to the particles in the reactor;
(b3) performing one or more pump-purge cycles of the reactor using inert gas;
(b4) applying a vaporous or gaseous oxidant to the particles in the reactor; and
(b5) performing one or more pump-purge cycles of the reactor using inert gas.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of: zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and titanium oxide.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the metal oxide is aluminum oxide.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) takes place at a temperature between 25° C. and 50° C.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coated particles consist of an amorphous solid dispersion of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and coating consisting of a metal oxide.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the API is selected from the group consisting of ezetimibe, erlotinib and nifedipine.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of HPMCAS, PVPVA and PVP.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coated particles in step (b) are less prone to agglomeration than the uncoated particles in step (a) during storage; and/or wherein the coated particles in step (b) remain amorphous for a longer time than the uncoated particles in step (a) during storage; and/or wherein the coated particles in step (b) show slower crystallization than the uncoated particles in step (a) during storage.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the uncoated particles are 50%-70% wt/wt API.
16. A method of reducing the rate of crystallization in a pharmaceutical composition comprising coated particles comprising amorphous solid dispersion of an active pharmaceutical ingredient, comprising:
(a) providing uncoated particles of an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a polymer, wherein the uncoated particles are at least 50% wt/wt API;
(b) performing atomic layer deposition to apply a metal oxide layer to the uncoated particles of an amorphous solid dispersion comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a polymer thereby preparing coated particles comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient enclosed by one or more metal oxide layers, wherein the ASD of the coated particles has a higher glass transition temperature than the ASD of the uncoated particles; and
(c) processing the coated particles to prepare a pharmaceutical composition.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the uncoated particles are 50%-70% wt/wt API.