Administration of berberine metabolites
In various implementations, berberine metabolites, such as dihydroberberine and/or tetrahydroberberine, may be administered to manage blood glucose levels, increase ketone levels (e.g., blood concentration of ketones), and/or for therapeutic purposes in humans. The administration of a pharmaceutically effective amount of berberine metabolites, such as dihydroberberine, may reduce fasting blood glucose levels, improve glucose tolerance, and/or improve blood ketone response. In some implementations, berberine metabolites may be administered with one or more other compounds.
1. A method of managing glucose tolerance in an individual, the method comprising:
administering, to an individual a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition, the composition comprising:
approximately 25 mg to approximately 800 mg of dihydroberberine; and
less than approximately 10 mg of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate,
wherein the composition comprises pure R-beta-hydroxybutyrate or a non-racemic mixture of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and L-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administration of the composition results in at least one of reduced fasting glucose level or maintained ketosis in the individual.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dihydroberberine is administered as a complexed composition, and wherein the complexed composition further comprises at least one of complexed phytosomes or liposomes.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dihydroberberine is provided as a microemulsion including dihydroberberine.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is administered at least once daily.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a Cytochrome P450 inhibitor, wherein administration of the Cyctochrome P450 inhibitor allows for a decrease of the amount of the composition administered to be sufficient to achieve the desired results.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-racemic mixture comprises greater than 90 percent of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and less than 10% of L-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the R-beta-hydroxybutyrate comprises at least one of a salt of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate or a polymer of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a fatty acid or an ester thereof, and wherein the fatty acid comprises at least one of a medium chain fatty acid, a short chain fatty acid, or a long chain fatty acid.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the fatty acid or ester thereof comprises at least one of coconut oil, coconut butter, or coconut milk.
11. A method of managing glucose tolerance in an individual, the method comprising:
administering, to an individual a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition, the composition comprising:
approximately 25 mg to approximately 800 mg of dihydroberberine; and
less than approximately 10 g of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the administration of composition maintains ketosis in the individual.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the composition comprises pure R-beta-hydroxybutyrate or a non-racemic mixture that comprises at least 90 percent R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and less than 10 percent L-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the R-beta-hydroxybutyrate comprises at least one of a salt of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate or a polymer of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
15. The method of claim 11 , the composition further comprising at least one of a fatty acid or ester of a fatty acid.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises pure R-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the dihydroberberine is administered as a complexed composition, and wherein the complexed composition further comprises at least one of complexed phytosomes or liposomes.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the dihydroberberine is provided as a microemulsion including dihydroberberine.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the composition is administered at least once daily.
20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the composition further comprises a Cytochrome P450 inhibitor, wherein administration of the Cyctochrome P450 inhibitor allows for a decrease of the amount of the composition administered to be sufficient to achieve the desired results.