Gas analyte spectrum sharpening and separation with multi-dimensional micro-GC for gas chromatography analysis
The disclosure describes embodiments of an apparatus including a first gas chromatograph including a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a first temperature control. A controller is coupled to the first temperature control and includes logic to apply a first temperature profile to the first temperature control to heat, cool, or both heat and cool the first gas chromatograph. Other embodiments are disclosed and claimed.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a Dean switch formed in or on a microchip, the Dean switch comprising a first Y-splitter, a second Y-splitter, and a third Y-splitter, wherein:
the first Y-splitter is fluidly coupled to a fluid inlet of the Dean switch,
the second Y-splitter is fluidly coupled to a fluid outlet of the Dean switch, to an outlet of a flow rate restrictor, and to an outlet of the first Y-splitter, and
the third Y-splitter is fluidly coupled to an additional fluid outlet of the Dean switch, to an outlet of an additional flow rate restrictor, and to an additional fluid outlet of the first Y-splitter.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a valve fluidly coupled to an inlet of the flow rate restrictor and an inlet of the additional flow rate restrictor.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising a source of a secondary carrier fluid coupled to the valve.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first gas chromatograph including a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a first temperature control, wherein the fluid outlet of the first gas chromatograph is fluidly coupled to the fluid inlet of the Dean switch;
a second gas chromatograph having a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a second temperature control, wherein the fluid inlet of the second gas chromatograph is fluidly coupled to the second Y-splitter via the fluid outlet of the Dean switch; and
a third gas chromatograph having a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a third temperature control, wherein the fluid inlet of the third gas chromatograph is fluidly coupled to the third Y-splitter via the additional fluid outlet of the Dean switch.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , further comprising:
a detector array coupled to the outlet of the second gas chromatograph; and
a detector array coupled to the outlet of the third gas chromatograph.
6. The apparatus of claim 4 , further comprising a controller coupled to the first temperature control, the second temperature control, and the third temperature control, wherein the controller includes logic to apply:
a first temperature profile to the first temperature control to heat, cool, or both heat and cool the first gas chromatograph,
a second temperature profile to the second temperature control to heat, cool, or both heat and cool the second gas chromatograph, and
a third temperature profile to the third temperature control to heat, cool, or both heat and cool the second and third gas chromatographs.
7. A gas analysis system comprising:
a cascaded gas chromatograph mounted to a substrate, the cascaded gas chromatograph comprising:
a Dean switch formed in or on a microchip, the Dean switch comprising a first Y-splitter, a second Y-splitter, and a third Y-splitter, wherein:
the first Y-splitter is fluidly coupled to a fluid inlet of the Dean switch,
the second Y-splitter is fluidly coupled to a fluid outlet of the Dean switch, to an outlet of a flow rate restrictor, and to an outlet of the first Y-splitter, and
the third Y-splitter is fluidly coupled to an additional fluid outlet of the Dean switch, to an outlet of an additional flow rate restrictor, and to an additional outlet of the first Y-splitter;
a first gas chromatograph including a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a first temperature control, wherein the fluid outlet of the first gas chromatograph is fluidly coupled to the microchip inlet;
a second gas chromatograph having a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a second temperature control, wherein the fluid inlet of the second gas chromatograph is fluidly coupled to the second Y-splitter via the fluid outlet of the Dean switch; and
a third gas chromatograph having a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a third temperature control, wherein the fluid inlet of the third gas chromatograph is fluidly coupled to the third Y-splitter via the additional fluid outlet of the Dean switch;
one or more detector arrays having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet and being mounted to the substrate, the one or more detector arrays including a detector array coupled to the outlet of the second gas chromatograph and a detector array coupled to the outlet of the third gas chromatograph;
a control circuit coupled to the cascaded gas chromatograph and to the one or more detector arrays, wherein the control circuit is adapted to communicate with the first, second, and third gas chromatographs and with the one or more detector arrays; and
a readout circuit coupled to the one or more detector arrays and to the control circuit, wherein the readout circuit can communicate with the control circuit and the one or more detector arrays.
8. The gas analysis system of claim 7 wherein the control circuit includes logic to apply:
a first temperature profile to the first temperature control to heat, cool, or both heat and cool, the first gas chromatograph,
a second temperature profile to the second temperature control to heat, cool, or both heat and cool, the second gas chromatograph, and a third temperature profile to the third temperature control to heat, cool, or both heat and cool, the second and third gas chromatographs.
9. The gas analysis system of claim 7 , further comprising a pre-concentrator having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, wherein the pre-concentrator is mounted on the substrate and coupled to the control circuit, and wherein the fluid outlet of the pre-concentrator is coupled to the fluid inlet of the first gas chromatograph.
10. The gas analysis system of claim 9 , further comprising a filter and valve unit having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, wherein the filter and valve unit is mounted to the substrate and coupled to the control circuit, and wherein the fluid outlet of the filter and valve unit is coupled to the fluid inlet of the pre-concentrator.
11. The gas analysis system of claim 10 , further comprising one or more pumps having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, wherein each pump is mounted on the substrate and coupled to the control circuit, and wherein the fluid inlet of each pump is coupled to the fluid outlet of a corresponding detector array.
12. The gas analysis system of claim 11 , further comprising:
a three-way valve coupled in the fluid connection between the pre-concentrator and the gas chromatograph; and
a fluid connection coupled to the three-way valve and to the fluid connections between the one more detector arrays and the corresponding pump.
13. The gas analysis system of claim 7 wherein the readout circuit includes thereon an analysis circuit and associated logic to analyze output signals received from the one or more detector arrays.
14. The gas analysis system of claim 7 wherein one or more detectors in each detector array is selective to a chemical that was unseparated or partially separated by the one or more gas chromatographs.