Relay beamforming with predictive relay selection for millimeter wave communications
Systems, methods, architectures, mechanisms and apparatus for relay beamforming of mmWave communications in an environment having signal blockage and signal attenuation challenges, such as found in an urban setting support distributed, relay-assisted beamforming mechanisms that exploit the spatial diversity of mmWave signal propagation, including a resource efficient relay selection scheme designed to optimally enhance QoS in 2-hop Amplify-and-Forward (AF) cooperative networks. Relay selection is implemented in a predictive and distributed manner.
1. A method for relay selection at each of a plurality of cooperating nodes within a millimeter wave network configured to spatially diversify a transmitted signal through all sets of consecutive, nonrepeating network segments including non-line-of-sight (NLoS) segments from a source node to a destination node, each cooperating node configured to forward a respective received signal toward the destination node via respective network segments including the NLoS segments, each cooperating node comprising a respective cluster of relays configured for beamforming in a link between the each cooperating node and the destination node, the method comprising:
at a first cooperating node of the plurality of cooperating nodes during a current time slot t, estimating first Channel State Information (CSI) associated with a currently selected relay and estimating second CSI associated with the network segments including the NLoS segments traversed by the received signal, the currently selected relay comprising a relay within the cooperating node cluster of relays;
at the first cooperating node during the current time slot t, performing beamforming by the currently selected relay using beamforming weights determined in accordance with a corresponding contribution to Signal-to-Interference+Noise Ratio (SINR) of a current time slot signal V(t) received at the destination node; and
at the first cooperating node during the current time slot t, selecting, f rom the cluster of relays of the first cooperating node, a relay for a next time slot t+1 in accordance with the second estimated CSI associated with a maximized minimum mean square error (MMSE) predictor of a SINR of a next time slot signal V(t+1) received at the destination node;
wherein each of the estimating first CSI and the estimating second CSI is made using a channel model including a correlation kernel describing a correlation within the millimeter wave network between incoming and outgoing channels at each cluster, at different locations, and during different time slots.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said estimating first CSI associated with a currently selected relay is performed during each time slot t of a sequence of time slots including the current time slot and the next time slot.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said estimating first CSI associated with a currently selected relay is performed during a first time slot t of a sequence of time slots including the current time slot and the next time slot and every Nth timeslot t thereafter.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cluster of relays is associated with at least one channel sounding device configured to estimate channel characteristics proximate the cluster of relays.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein each cooperating node performs the beamforming and the selecting a relay during each time slot t of a sequence of time slots including the current time slot and the next time slot.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein each cooperating node participating in beamforming performs the beamforming during each time slot t of a sequence of time slots including the current time slot and the next time slot, and wherein each cooperating node performs the selecting a relay every Nth time slot, wherein N is an integer greater than 0.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the estimating first CSI is performed during a first stage of the current time slot t, and the beamforming and the selecting a next relay for the next time slot are performed during a second stage of the current time slot t.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the received signal to be forwarded is associated with the source node and the destination node, and the network segments traversed by the signal comprise those network segments proximate a signal path between the source node and an intermediate cooperating node.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the received signal to be forwarded is associated with the source node and the destination node, and the network segments traversed by the signal comprise those network segments located on street paths between the source node and an intermediate cooperating node.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the received signal to be forwarded is associated with the source node and the destination node, and the network segments traversed by the signal comprise those network segments located on street paths between the source node and the destination node.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein street paths traversed by the signal are determined using street map data associated with the millimeter wave network.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the millimeter wave network is associated with a segmented structure channel model.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first cooperating node comprises one of a plurality of nodes distributed throughout a network coverage area including nodes proximate respective channel sounders, each channel sounder configured to estimate channel characteristics and provide thereby CSI.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first cooperating node comprises one of a plurality of nodes located at respective streets in an urban area.
15. A communications node for use in a millimeter wave cooperative network configured to spatially diversify a transmitted signal through all sets of consecutive, nonrepeating network segments including non-line-of-sight(NLoS) segments from a source node to a destination node, the communications node configured to forward a respective received signal toward the destination node via respective network segments including the NLoS segments, the communications node comprising:
a group of proximately located relays forming thereby a cluster of relays, wherein during a current time slot t, a controller performs steps of:
estimating first Channel State Information (CSI) associated with a currently selected relay and estimating second CSI associated with the network segments including NLoS segments traversed by the received signal;
performing beamforming at the currently selected relay using beamforming weights determined in accordance with a corresponding contribution to Signal-to-Intederence+Noise Ratio (SINR) of a current time slot signal V(t) received at the destination node; and
selecting a relay for a next time slot t+1 in accordance with the second estimated CSI associated with a maximized minimum mean square error (MMSE) predictor of a SINR of a next time slot signal V(t+1) received at the destination node;
wherein each of the estimating first CSI and the estimating second CSI is made using a channel model including a correlation kernel describing a correlation within the millimeter wave network between incoming and outgoing channels at each cluster, at different locations, and during different time slots.
16. The communications node of claim 15 , wherein the estimating first CSI is performed during a first stage of the current time slot t, and the beamforming and the selecting a relay for the next time slot are performed during a second stage of the current time slot t.
17. The communications node of claim 15 , wherein:
the millimeter wave cooperative network comprises a plurality of nodes, each node comprising the cluster of relays, each relay configured for beamforming in a link between a respective node and the destination node;
the received signal to be forwarded is associated with the source node and the destination node; and
the network segments traversed by the signal comprise those network segments located on street paths between the source node and the destination node.
18. A computer-implemented method for relay selection at each of a plurality of cooperating nodes within a millimeter wave network configured to spatially diversify a transmitted signal through all sets of consecutive, nonrepeating network segments including non-line-of-sight (NLoS) segments from a source node to a destination node, each cooperating node configured to forward a respective received signal toward the destination node via respective network segments including the NLoS segments, each cooperating node comprising a respective cluster of relays configured for beamforming in a link between the each cooperating node and the destination node, the method comprising:
during a current time slot t, estimating first Channel State Information (CSI) associated with a currently selected relay and estimating second CSI associated with the network segments including NLoS segments traversed by the received signal;
during the current time slot t, performing beamforming at the currently selected relay using beamforming weights determined in accordance with a corresponding contribution to Signal-to-Interference+Noise Ratio (SINR) of a current time slot signal V(t) received at the destination node; and
during the current time slot t, selecting a relay for a next time slot t+1 in accordance with the second estimated CSI associated with a maximized minimum mean square error (MMSE) predictor of a SINR of a next time slot signal V(t+1) received at the destination node;
wherein each of the estimating first CSI and the estimating second CSI is made using a channel model including a correlation kernel describing a correlation within the millimeter wave network between incoming and outgoing channels at each cluster, at different locations, and during different time slots.
19. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform a method of relay selection at each of a plurality of cooperating nodes within a millimeter wave network configured to spatially diversify a transmitted signal through all sets of consecutive, nonrepeating network segments including non-line-of-sight(NLoS) segments from a source node to a destination node, each cooperating node configured to forward a respective received signal toward the destination node via respective network segments including the NLoS segments, each cooperating node comprising a respective cluster of relays configured for beamforming in a link between the each cooperating node and the destination node, the method comprising:
during a current time slot t, estimating first Channel State Information (CSI) associated with a currently selected relay and estimating second CSI associated with the network segments including NLoS segments traversed by the received signal;
during the current time slot t, performing beamforming at the currently selected relay using beamforming weights determined in accordance with a corresponding contribution to Signal-to-Interference+Noise Ratio (SINR) of a current time slot signal V(t) received at the destination node; and
during the current time slot t, selecting a relay for a next time slot t+1 in accordance with the second estimated CSI associated with a maximized minimum mean square error (MMSE) predictor of a SINR of a next time slot signal V(t+1) received at the destination node;
wherein each of the estimating first CSI and the estimating second CSI is made using a channel model including a correlation kernel describing a correlation within the millimeter wave network between incoming and outgoing channels at each cluster, at different locations, and during different time slots.