Air turbine starter with primary and secondary air flow paths

1. An air turbine starter comprising:

a housing defining an interior and having a primary inlet and a primary outlet to define a primary air flow path from the primary inlet, through the interior, to the primary outlet;

a stator located in the interior that defines at least a portion of the primary air flow path, wherein the stator includes a hub with a plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes extending therefrom, where each vane of the plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes includes a root and a tip, and the hub is formed by a wall having a forward face and a rear face;

a first passage extending from the root to the tip of one vane of the plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes;

a turbine located in the interior and including a rotor, with a plurality of circumferentially spaced blades extending therefrom into the primary air flow path downstream of the plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes;

a first cavity defined by a forward face of the rotor and the rear face of the hub, wherein the first cavity is fluidly coupled to the first passage; and

a secondary air flow path that fluidly connects the first cavity with either the primary air flow path or ambient air outside the housing, wherein the secondary air flow path is at least partially defined by the first passage.

2. The air turbine starter of claim 1 , wherein the first passage is at least two physically distinct passages fluidly connecting the root to the tip.

3. The air turbine starter of claim 1 , further comprising a second passage fluidly connecting the first cavity to the primary air flow path downstream of the turbine, wherein upstream and downstream are defined by air flow in the primary air flow path.

4. The air turbine starter of claim 1 , wherein the first passage fluidly connects the first cavity to a second cavity defined in the housing.

5. The air turbine starter of claim 4 , further comprising a channel with a channel outlet that is defined by the housing, wherein the channel fluidly couples the second cavity to the ambient air and the channel outlet is located between the primary inlet and the primary outlet.

6. The air turbine starter of claim 1 , wherein the first cavity includes a first cavity inlet defined between the stator and the turbine.

7. The air turbine starter of claim 6 , further comprising a deflector coupled to the stator adjacent the first cavity inlet.

8. The air turbine starter of claim 6 , further comprising a seal located in the first cavity inlet.

9. An air turbine starter comprising:

a housing defining an interior and having a primary inlet and a primary outlet to define a primary air flow path from the primary inlet, through the interior, to the primary outlet;

a stator located in the interior that defines at least a portion of the primary air flow path, where the stator includes a hub and a plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes extending therefrom, the hub formed by a wall defining a forward face and a rear face;

a turbine located in the interior, downstream of the stator in the primary air flow path, and including a rotor, with a plurality of circumferentially spaced blades extending into the primary air flow path from the rotor;

a drive shaft extending through the rotor and at least a portion of the drive shaft extending rearward of the rotor;

a first cavity defined by a forward face of the rotor and the rear face of the stator; and

a second cavity defined by a rear face of the rotor, the drive shaft, and a first portion that is a seal portion of the housing, a second cavity outlet of the second cavity formed between the rear face of the rotor and the seal portion of the housing or formed in the seal portion of the housing;

and

a shaft channel that passes through a portion of the drive shaft to fluidly couple the first cavity with the second cavity, wherein the shaft channel includes an inlet at the first cavity and an outlet at the second cavity.

10. The air turbine starter of claim 9 , wherein a secondary air flow path is partially defined by the second cavity outlet, wherein the second cavity outlet fluidly couples the second cavity to the primary air flow path or ambient air outside the housing.

11. The air turbine starter of claim 9 , further comprising a stator channel that passes through a portion of the stator and a second portion of the housing, wherein the stator channel fluidly couples the first cavity with ambient air outside the housing and forward of the stator.

12. The air turbine starter of claim 11 , wherein the stator channel includes at least a first stator channel and a second stator channel.

13. The air turbine starter of claim 9 , wherein one of the plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes includes a first passage extending from a root of the one of the plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes to a tip of the one of the plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes to define a portion of a secondary air flow path.

14. The air turbine starter of claim 13 , wherein the one of the plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes includes the first passage and a second passage that each fluidly connect the root and the tip.

15. The air turbine starter of claim 14 , wherein the first cavity is fluidly coupled to the primary air flow path downstream of the turbine via the second passage, wherein downstream is determined by air flow in the primary air flow path.

16. The air turbine starter of claim 13 , wherein the first passage of the one of the plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes fluidly connects the first cavity to a third cavity defined in the housing.

17. The air turbine starter of claim 13 , wherein the first cavity includes a first cavity inlet defined between the stator and the turbine.

18. The air turbine starter of claim 17 , further comprising a deflector coupled to the stator adjacent the first cavity inlet.

19. The air turbine starter of claim 17 , further comprising a seal located in the first cavity inlet.