Apparatus, methods and computer-readable media for detection of loose connections in an electrical assembly
Voltage samples are collected for a source and loads connected thereto by an electrical network. Respective negative sequence voltage difference values are generated for respective source/load pairs from the voltage sample. A connection (e.g., a loose connection) in the electrical network is identified based on the generated negative sequence voltage difference values. The identified connection is reported to a user. Identifying a connection in the electrical network may include identifying at least one source/load pair having an associated negative sequence voltage difference value that meets a predetermined criterion and identifying the connection based on the identified at least one source/load pair. Identifying the connection may include identifying at least one source/load pair having an associated negative sequence voltage difference value with a magnitude falling outside of at least one range associated with the at least one source/load pair.
1. A method of monitoring an electrical network coupling a source to a plurality of loads, the method comprising:
collecting voltage samples for the source and the loads;
generating respective negative sequence voltage difference values for respective source/load pairs from the voltage samples;
identifying a connection in the electrical network based on the generated negative sequence voltage difference values of the source/load pairs against one or more fault criteria, wherein a connection fault is identified when at least one negative sequence voltage difference value deviates from expected operational characteristics for the respective source/load pair; and
reporting the identified connection to a user.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein identifying a connection in the electrical network based on the generated negative sequence voltage difference values comprises:
identifying at least one source/load pair having an associated negative sequence voltage difference value that meets a predetermined criterion; and
identifying the connection based on the identified at least one source/load pair.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein identifying the connection comprises identifying at least one source/load pair having an associated negative sequence voltage difference value with a magnitude falling outside of at least one range associated with the at least one source/load pair.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein generating respective negative sequence voltage difference values is preceded by determining respective ranges for negative sequence voltage difference values for the respective source/load pairs.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating respective negative sequence voltage difference values for respective source/load pairs from the voltage samples comprises:
generating respective negative sequence voltage values for the source and the loads from the voltage samples; and
generating the respective negative sequence voltage difference values for the respective source/load pairs from the negative sequence voltage values.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein generating the respective negative sequence voltage difference values for the respective source/load pairs from the negative sequence voltage values comprises:
normalizing the negative sequence voltage values; and
generating the respective negative sequence voltage difference values for the respective source/load pairs from the normalized negative sequence voltage values.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein generating respective negative sequence voltage values for the source and the loads from the voltage samples comprises:
averaging the voltage samples to generate average voltage values; and
generating the respective negative sequence voltage values for the source and the loads from the average voltage values.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein averaging the voltage samples to generate average voltage values comprises:
converting the voltage samples to rectangular coordinate voltage values;
summing the rectangular coordinate voltage values to generate respective sums for respective collection intervals; and
dividing a sum of the sums by a number of sampling intervals in the collection intervals to generate an average voltage value.
9. A system for monitoring an electrical network coupling a source to a plurality of loads, the system comprising:
respective voltage sensing circuits configured to collect voltage samples for respective ones of the source and the loads; and
a monitor circuit configured to:
receive the voltage samples,
generate average voltage values from the voltage samples,
generate respective negative sequence voltage values for the source and the loads from the average voltage values,
generate respective negative sequence voltage difference values for respective source/load pairs from the negative sequence voltage values,
identify a connection in the electrical network based on the negative sequence voltage difference values, and
report the identified connection to a user.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the monitor circuit is configured to identify at least one source/load pair having an associated negative sequence voltage difference value that meets a predetermined criterion and to identify the connection based on the identified at least one source/load pair.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the monitor circuit is configured to identify at least one source/load pair having an associated negative sequence voltage difference value with a magnitude falling outside of at least one range associated with the at least one source/load pair.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the monitor circuit is configured to determine respective ranges for negative sequence voltage difference values for the respective source/load pairs.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the monitor circuit is configured to generate respective negative sequence voltage difference values from voltage samples for a calibration interval and to determine respective ones of the ranges for the negative sequence voltage difference values for the calibration interval.
14. The system of claim 9 , wherein the monitor circuit is configured to normalize the negative sequence voltage values and to generate the respective negative sequence voltage difference values for the respective source/load pairs from the normalized negative sequence voltage values.
15. The system of claim 9 , wherein the monitor circuit is configured to convert the voltage samples to rectangular coordinate voltage values, to sum the rectangular coordinate values to generate respective sums for respective collection intervals, and to divide a sum of the sums by a number of sampling intervals in the collection intervals to generate an average voltage value.
16. The system of claim 9 , wherein the monitor circuit comprises a processor circuit configured to execute a connection monitor application configured to generate the respective negative sequence voltage difference values for the respective source/load pairs from the voltage samples, to identify the connection in the electrical network based on the generated negative sequence voltage difference values, and to report the identified connection to the user.
17. A method of monitoring an electrical network coupling a source to a plurality of loads, the method comprising:
collecting voltage samples for the source and the loads;
generating negative sequence voltage values for the source and the loads from the voltage samples;
normalizing the negative sequence voltage values;
generating respective negative sequence voltage difference values for respective source/load pairs from the normalized negative sequence voltage values;
identifying a connection in the electrical network based on the generated negative sequence voltage difference values; and
reporting the identified connection to a user.