Interior sensing
A controller for sensing interior motion includes a sensor structure having transmitting conductors and receiving conductors. The controller comprises circuitry to drive and sense signals on interacting pairs of conductors (the transmitting conductor or receiving conductor can act as the drive side, or as the sense side). Signals are processed to analyze changes in measured signal and analyzed to determine interior movement. When the controller is deployed proximate to human skin, movement of muscles, tendons and bones within the skin are reflected in the measured signals.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a wearable shaped to surround a volume of a user's body, the wearable comprising:
a plurality of transmitting conductors adapted to transmit signals; and
a plurality of receiving conductors adapted to receive signals transmitted by the plurality of transmitting conductors;
drive and sense circuitry operatively coupled to the plurality of transmitting conductors and the plurality of receiving conductors and adapted to:
generate a plurality of frequency-orthogonal signals on each of the plurality of transmitting conductors, respectively;
receive, while the wearable is secured to the user's body, signals on the plurality of receiving conductors;
process the received signals received during an integration period to determine a measurement corresponding to each of the plurality of frequency-orthogonal signals for each of the received signals; and
determine an interior motion of one or more body parts within the volume surrounded by the wearable based upon the measurements during a plurality of integration periods.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the interior motion determined by the drive and sense circuitry is used to determine a position of a body part.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the interior motion of the one or more body parts comprises movement of one or more of:
one or more bones located within the volume;
one or more muscles located within the volume;
one or more tendons located within the volume; or
one or more ligaments located within the volume.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the interior motion determined by the drive and sense circuitry is used to determine a pose of a hand of the user.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the frequency spacing of the plurality of frequency-orthogonal signals is equal to the reciprocal of the integration period.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein:
the wearable comprises a wristband; and
the plurality of transmitting conductors and the plurality of receiving conductors form a portion of a perimeter of the wristband.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein at least one of the plurality of transmitting conductors is located on an opposite portion of the perimeter of the wristband than at least one of the plurality of receiving conductors.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the wearable comprises a wristband of a smartwatch; and
the drive and sense circuitry forms a part of the smartwatch.
9. A method comprising:
generating a plurality of frequency-orthogonal signals on each of a plurality of transmitting conductors, respectively, the plurality of transmitting conductors being integrated into a wearable shaped to surround a volume of a user's body;
receiving, while the wearable is secured to the user's body, signals on a plurality of receiving conductors, the plurality of receiving conductors being integrated into the wearable;
processing the received signals received during an integration period to determine a measurement corresponding to each of the plurality of frequency-orthogonal signals for each of the received signals; and
determining an interior motion of one or more body parts within the volume surrounded by the wearable based upon the measurements during a plurality of integration periods.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the interior motion of the one or more body parts comprises movement of one or more of:
one or more bones located within the volume;
one or more muscles located within the volume;
one or more tendons located within the volume; or
one or more ligaments located within the volume.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the interior motion is used to determine a position of a body part.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein each of the plurality of transmitting conductors forms and interacting pair with at least one of the receiving conductors.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein at least one of the plurality of transmitting conductors is adjacent to at least one of the plurality of receiving conductors.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the at least one of the plurality of transmitting conductors and the at least one of the plurality of receiving conductors are embedded in a sensor structure.
15. The method of claim 9 , wherein the frequency spacing of the plurality of frequency-orthogonal signals is equal to the reciprocal of the integration period.
16. The method of claim 9 , wherein determining the interior motion comprises determining a pose of a hand of the user.
17. The method of claim 9 , wherein:
the measurements for the interior motion for at least one of the plurality of transmitting conductors are taken simultaneously via relative ground truthing;
the method further includes:
applying a machine learning algorithm to associate the measurements with body movements; and
inferring additional body movements based on data from the machine learning algorithm.
18. An apparatus comprising:
a wearable shaped to surround a volume of a user's body, the wearable comprising a plurality of conductors;
drive and sense circuitry operatively coupled to the plurality of conductors and adapted to:
generate a plurality of frequency-orthogonal signals on each of two or more of the plurality of conductors, respectively;
receive, while the wearable is secured to the user's body, signals on one or more of the plurality of conductors;
process the received signals received during an integration period to determine a measurement corresponding to each of the plurality of frequency-orthogonal signals for each of the received signals; and
determine an interior motion of one or more body parts within the volume surrounded by the wearable based upon the measurements during a plurality of integration periods.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein:
the wearable comprises a wristband of a smartwatch; and
the drive and sense circuitry forms a part of the smartwatch.
20. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the wearable comprises one of:
an ankle band;
an arm band;
a headband;
a neck gaiter;
a ring;
pants;
a shoe;
a sock;
a shirt;
a hat;
goggles; or
a glove.