Extruded gelling food products, extruded gelling food product ingredients, and methods for making extruded gelling food products and extruded food product ingredients
A gelling food product constituent extrudate that forms a gel when water is added that is used as an ingredient of a food product in place of a gelling gum, like guar gum, xanthan gum, or carrageenan. The gelling extrudate is composed of cold-water soluble gelling pregelatinized starch formed of starch in a cereal grain and/or legume containing admixture modified by extrusion at pressures greater than 2000 PSI that causes the extrudate to gel when mixed with water. The gelling extrudate preferably also is composed of other starch in the admixture extrusion modified into different molecular weight polymers of a cold-water soluble gellant that also polymerizes and forms a gel, preferably a hydrocolloid gel, more preferably a self-gelling gel, even more preferably a thermo-reversible gel, when mixed with water. When mixed with water, a gelling extrudate of the present invention forms a thicker gel whose viscosity increases over time.
1 . A food product comprising:
(a) a first food product constituent that provides at least one of nutrition, taste, flavor, smell, texture, and mouthfeel; and
(b) a second food product constituent comprised of starch modified during extrusion in an extruder at an extrusion pressure of at least 2000 PSI into an extrusion-modified gelling starch that gels or forms a gel when mixed with water; and
(c) water in an amount sufficient for at least a portion of the extrusion-modified gelling starch in the second food product constituent to gel or form a gel;
wherein the food product (i) is a homogenous mixture in which one of the first and second food product constituents is dispersed throughout the other one of the first and second food product constituents; (ii) contains a gel formed of the extrusion-modified gelling starch, and (iii) remains in a viscous state having a viscosity of at least 10,000 centipoise; and
wherein the food product comprises a closed system where the water in the food product remains therein by preventing evaporation therefrom.
2 . The food product of claim 1 , wherein the extrusion-modified gelling starch is comprised of a pregelatinized starch and a cold-water soluble starch gellant, and wherein the gel in the food product comprises a hydrocolloid gel.
3 . The food product of claim 2 , wherein the cold-water soluble starch gellant forms the hydrocolloid gel in the food product.
4 . The food product of claim 2 , wherein the hydrocolloid gel comprises a thermoreversible gel.
5 . The food product of claim 4 , wherein the cold-water soluble starch gellant forms the thermoreversible gel in the food product.
6 . The food product of claim 1 , wherein the closed system comprises a package in which the food is packaged, the package comprising a substantially sealed package that prevents water in the food from evaporating out of the food.
7 . The food product of claim 1 , wherein the second food product constituent is a gelling agent.
8 . The food product of claim 7 , wherein the food product comprises one of a dairy-free cheese, a vegan dairy-free cheese, a dairy-free milk, a vegan dairy-free milk, a dairy-free ice cream, a vegan dairy-free ice cream, a dairy-free butter, a vegan dairy-free butter, a dairy-free cultured butter, a vegan dairy-free cultured butter.
9 . The food product of claim 7 , wherein the food product comprises one of a dairy-free ice cream base and a vegan dairy-free ice cream base.
10 . The food product of claim 9 , wherein the food product comprises one of a dairy-free ice cream and a vegan dairy-free ice cream made with one of the dairy-free ice cream base and the vegan dairy-free ice cream base.
11 . The food product of claim 1 , wherein the second food product constituent is a thickener or thickening agent.
12 . The food product of claim 1 , wherein the second food product constituent further comprises starch or fiber that forms a gel matrix in the food product, the food product comprised of the gel matrix formed thereby.
13 . The food product of 12 , wherein the fiber comprises fiber freed or modified during extrusion or the starch comprises resistant starch formed of starch modified during extrusion.
14 . The food product of claim 1 , wherein the second food product constituent further comprises protein freed or modified during extrusion that crosslinks the extrusion-modified gelling starch when mixed with water and forms at least some of the gel in the food product.
15 . The food product of claim 14 , wherein the second food product constituent further comprises starch or fiber that forms a gel matrix in the food product, the food product further comprising the gel matrix formed thereby.
16 . The food product of 15 , wherein the fiber comprises fiber freed or modified during extrusion and the starch comprises resistant starch formed of starch modified during extrusion.
17 . The food product of claim 1 , wherein the gel in the food product comprises a hydrocolloid gel.
18 . The food product of claim 1 , wherein the gel in the food product comprises a thermoreversible gel.
19 . The food product of claim 1 , wherein the gel in the food product comprises a self-gelling gel.
20 . The food product of claim 1 , wherein the second food product constituent is a gum or functions as a food gum substitute.
21 . The food product of claim 1 , wherein the second food product constituent is an emulsifier or an emulsifying agent.
22 . The food product of claim 1 , wherein the second food product constituent is a humectant.
23 . The food product of claim 1 , wherein the second food product constituent is a stabilizer or stabilizing agent.
24 . The food product of claim 1 , wherein the extrusion modified gelling starch is comprised of a (1) a first gelling component comprised of some starch in the starch-containing admixture extrusion modified into a water-soluble extrusion-modified starch gellant, and (2) a second gelling component comprised of other starch in the starch-containing admixture extrusion modified into a pregelatinized starch.
25 . The food product of claim 24 , wherein the water-soluble extrusion-modified starch gellant is comprised of a hydrocolloid that gels or forms gel when mixed with water.
26 . The food product of claim 1 , wherein the first product constituent and the second food product constituent are extruded together in the extruder at the extrusion pressure of at least 2000 PSI.
27 . The food product of claim 26 , wherein the food product has a viscosity ranging between 20,000 and 60,000 centipoise.
28 . The food product of claim 26 , wherein the food product has a viscosity ranging between 70,000 and 140,000 centipoise.
29 . The food product of claim 26 , wherein the food product has a viscosity ranging between 150,000 and 300,000 centipoise.
30 . A food product comprised of a plurality of pairs of constituents, the food product comprising:
(a) a first food product constituent that provides at least one of nutrition, taste, flavor, smell, texture, and mouthfeel;
(b) a second food product constituent that provides at least one of nutrition, taste, flavor, smell, texture, and mouthfeel that is different than the first food product constituent;
(c) a third food product constituent comprising an extruded flour comprised of starch modified during extrusion into (i) an extrusion-modified pregelatinized starch, and (ii) an extrusion-modified starch gellant configuring the extruded flour to form a gel when mixed with water; and
(d) water mixed with the first, second and third food product constituents in an amount sufficient to cause at least some of the third food product constituent to form a gel and produce a food product comprised of the gel formed thereby and which is a shelf-stable gel or a shelf-stable emulsion; and
wherein the food product comprised of the gel is a shelf-stable gel or shelf-stable emulsion and has a shelf life of at least 6 months.
31 . The food product of claim 30 , wherein the third food product constituent further comprises starch or fiber that forms a gel matrix in the food product, the food product comprised of the gel matrix formed thereby first.
32 . The food product of 31 , wherein the fiber comprises fiber freed or modified during extrusion or the starch comprises resistant starch.
33 . The food product of claim 30 , wherein the third food product constituent further comprises protein freed or modified during extrusion that crosslinks the extrusion-modified starch gellant when mixed with water and forms at least some of the gel in the food product.
34 . The food product of claim 33 , wherein the third food product constituent further comprises starch or fiber that forms a gel matrix in the food product, the food product further comprising the gel matrix formed thereby.
35 . The food product of claim 30 , wherein the gel comprises a hydrocolloid gel.
36 . The food product of claim 30 , wherein the gel comprises a thermoreversible gel.
37 . The food product of claim 30 , wherein the gel comprises a self-gelling gel.
38 . The food product of claim 30 , wherein the gel comprises a thermally stable self-gelling gel.
39 . The food product of claim 30 , wherein the food product is a shelf-stable emulsion and comprises a dressing, an ice cream, a non-dairy milk, a vegan non-dairy milk, a non-dairy creamer, a vegan non-dairy creamer, a non-dairy whipped cream, a vegan non-dairy whipped cream, a non-dairy yogurt, a vegan non-dairy yogurt, a non-dairy butter, a vegan non-dairy butter, a non-dairy cheese, a vegan non-dairy cheese, a non-dairy cream cheese, a vegan non-dairy cream cheese, a non-dairy ice cream, a vegan non-dairy ice cream, or a meatless meat substitute.
40 . The food product of claim 30 , wherein the food product is a shelf-stable gel and comprises one of a porridge, a pudding, a soup, a sauce, a dressing and a cream.
41 . A food product comprising:
(a) a first food product constituent that provides at least one of nutrition, taste, flavor, smell, texture, and mouthfeel;
(b) a second food product constituent that provides at least one of nutrition, taste, flavor, smell, texture, and mouthfeel;
(c) a third food product constituent comprising an extruded food product constituent-binding flour containing starch modified during extrusion into a water-soluble binder, the extruded food product constituent-binding flour binding together the first food product constituent and the second food product constituent when the first, second and third food product constituents are mixed together with water; and
(d) water mixed therewith; and
wherein the food product is a homogenous mixture of the first, second, and third food product constituents mixed with the water.
42 . The food product of claim 41 , wherein the extruded food product constituent-binding flour is comprised of a starch-containing admixture extruded from an extruder under a high enough extrusion pressure such that at least some of the starch in the admixture is modified thereby into a cold water soluble binder that comprises the water-soluble binder that binds together the first food product constituent and the second food product constituent when a mixture comprised of the first, second and third food product constituents are mixed together with water.
43 . The food product of claim 41 , wherein (1) the water-soluble binder is comprised of an extrusion-modified starch, and (2) the first, second and third food product constituents mixed together with the water form a food product mixture bound together by the water-soluble binder that is dried to form the food product.
44 . The food product of claim 43 , wherein the food product formed after drying the food product mixture is a solid edible food snack.
45 . The food product of claim 44 , wherein the solid edible food snack is one of a chip, a baked chip, a tortilla chip, a gluten-free tortilla chip, a baked tortilla chip, a baked gluten-free tortilla chip, a grain-free tortilla chip, a baked grain-free tortilla, a gluten-free grain-free tortilla chip, a cracker, a baked cracker, a gluten-free cracker, a baked gluten-free cracker, a grain-free cracker, a baked grain-free cracker, a gluten-free grain-free cracker, a baked gluten-free grain-free cracker, a crisp, a baked crisp, a gluten-free crisp, a baked gluten-free crisp, a potato crisp, and a baked potato crisp.
46 . The food product of claim 44 , wherein the solid edible food snack is one of a snack bar, a baked snack bar, a gluten-free snack bar, a baked gluten-free snack bar, a grain free snack bar, a baked grain-free snack bar, a gluten-free grain-free snack bar, a granola bar, a baked granola bar, a gluten-free granola bar, and a baked gluten-free granola bar.