Blockchain based integrated circuit authentication
An article, for example, an integrated circuit (IC), is manufactured such that the article includes an authentication element that is indicative of an authentication code associated with the article. A block of a blockchain ledger is generated based upon the authentication code. After the article leaves a trusted chain of custody, the article can be authenticated based upon the blockchain. An authentication code can be read from an authentication element included in or on an article under test that is of undetermined authenticity. The authentication code can be evaluated against the blockchain to determine if the authentication code is a genuine code used to generate a block of the blockchain. If the authentication code is genuine, the article under test can be authenticated.
1. A method of authenticating an integrated circuit, comprising:
reading an authentication code generated by a circuit of the integrated circuit being authenticated;
determining, based upon the authentication code and a blockchain ledger, whether the integrated circuit is an authentic integrated circuit, wherein at least a portion of the blockchain ledger is generated during manufacturing of the integrated circuit including the code generation circuit based upon the authentication code; and
responsive to determining whether the integrated circuit is an authentic integrated circuit, outputting an indication whether the integrated circuit is an authentic integrated circuit.
2. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the blockchain ledger includes a first block and a second block, the second block coming after the first block in a sequence of blocks; and
wherein determining whether the integrated circuit is an authentic integrated circuit is based upon the first block and the second block.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein determining whether the integrated circuit is an authentic integrated circuit includes determining whether a transaction included in the second block is a valid output of a cryptographic function evaluated over the authentication code and data included in the first block.
4. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the code generation circuit generates the authenticate code in response to receiving a request signal.
5. The method of claim 4 ,
wherein the code generation circuit includes a physical unclonable function (PUF) circuit; and
wherein reading the authentication code includes:
providing a challenge signal to the PUF circuit; and
receiving the signal from the PUF circuit in response to providing the challenge signal to the PUF circuit.
6. The method of claim 1 ,
including reading an authentication code generated by a circuit of be integrated circuit being authenticated using one of a radio frequency (RF) signal, a magnetic signal, and an optical signal generated by the intergrated circuit being authenticated.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the authentication code includes at least a portion of a block of the blockchain ledger.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
reading a second authentication code from a second authentication element included in or on the integrated circuit;
determining, based upon the authentication code, the second authentication code, and the blockchain ledger, whether the integrated circuit is authentic; and
responsive to determining whether the integrated circuit is an authentic integrated circuit, outputting an indication whether the integrated circuit is an authentic integrated circuit.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein determining whether the integrated circuit is authentic includes determining whether the second authentication code is the authentication code of the integrated circuit based upon the blockchain ledger.
10. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the code generation circuit is a part of a functional portion of the integrated circuit.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrated circuit is an integrated circuit chip, the IC chip including the integrated circuit.
12. A method comprising:
fabricating an integrated circuit such that the integrated circuit includes a circuit that generates an authentication code;
generating a block of a blockchain ledger based upon the authentication code and a cryptographic function; and
storing the block as part of the blockchain ledger in a data store, wherein the blockchain ledger is usable to authenticate the integrated circuit subsequent to the integrated circuit being fabricated.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the integrated circuit is a first integrated circuit and the block is a first block, the method further comprising:
fabricating a second integrated circuit such that the second integrated circuit includes a circuit that generates a second authentication code;
generating a second block of the blockchain ledger based upon the second authentication code and the cryptographic function; and
storing the second block as part of the blockchain ledger in the data store, wherein the blockchain ledger is usable to authenticate the second integrated circuit subsequent to the second integrated circuit being fabricated.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein generating the second block is based further upon the first block.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein fabricating the integrated circuit includes forming the code generation circuit so its generating the authenticate code in response to receiving a request signal.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the code generation circuit is a part of a functional portion of the integrated circuit.
17. The method of claim 12 ,
wherein fabricating the integrated circuit so the authentication code generated by the code generation circuit is read by one of a radio frequency (RF) signal, a magnetic signal, and an optical signal generated by the integrated circuit being authenticated.
18. The method of claim 12 ,
wherein the electrical code generation circuit includes a physical unclonable function (PUF); and
wherein the PUF is configured to output the signal responsive to receipt of an input signal to the PUF.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein fabricating the integrated circuit so the authentication code generated by the code generation circuit is read by a RE signal generated by the integrated circuit being authenticated.
20. The method of claim 12 , wherein the integrated circuit is an integrated circuit (IC) chip, the IC chip including the integrated circuit.