Modular electroencephalograph (EEG) system

1. A modular system for collecting and digitizing electrical signals, the system comprising:

a carrier board comprising:

one or more electrode connectors;

one or more power supplies; and

one or more analog-to-digital converter (ADC) modules, each ADC module comprising:

multiple input channels;

input signal routing circuitry;

at least one instrumentation power supply;

configuration switches for the at least one instrumentation power supply and the input signal routing;

an ADC;

a programmable gain amplifier; and

an ADC communications bus; wherein

each of the one or more ADC modules electrically connects to one of the one or more electrode connectors and one of the one or more power supplies of the carrier board; and

an embedded computer configured to run a real time operating system (RTOS), wherein each ADC communications bus of the one or more ADC modules is directly electrically connected to the embedded computer via a separate serial interface.

2. The modular system of claim 1 , wherein the serial interface is a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI).

3. The modular system of claim 1 , further comprising a communications computer electrically connected to the embedded computer via a network connection.

4. The modular system of claim 3 , wherein the network connection between the embedded computer and the communications computer is via a universal serial bus (USB) connection.

5. The modular system of claim 3 , further comprising one or more wireless communications adapters each electrically connected to the communications computer via a serial bus.

6. The modular system of claim 1 , further comprising a user device electrically connected to the embedded computer via a network connection.

7. The modular system of claim 6 , wherein the user device is a computer or a smartphone.

8. The modular system of claim 6 , wherein the network connection between the embedded computer and the user device is via a universal serial bus (USB) connection.

9. The modular system of claim 6 , wherein the network connection between the embedded computer and the user device is via an Ethernet over optical fiber connection.

10. The modular system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a universal serial bus (USB) multiplexer/demultiplexer electrically connected to the embedded computer;

a communications computer; and

a user device;

wherein the communications computer and the user device are each electrically connected to the USB multiplexer/demultiplexer via a wired USB connection, and

wherein the USB multiplexer/demultiplexer is configured to switch electrical connections to the embedded computer between the communications computer and the user device.

11. The modular system of claim 10 , wherein the user device is electrically connected to the communications computer via a network connection, wherein the network connection is an Ethernet over optical fiber connection.

12. The modular system of claim 10 , wherein the user device is a computer or a smartphone.

13. The modular system of claim 10 , further comprising one or more wireless communications adapters electrically connected to the embedded computer.

14. The modular system of claim 1 , wherein the RTOS of the embedded computer is configured to run a special purpose software driver configured to transfer data from the one or more ADC modules to the embedded computer using direct memory access (DMA).

15. The modular system of claim 1 , wherein the carrier board further comprises one or more battery connectors.

16. The modular system of claim 1 , wherein the system is capable of being used as an electroencephalograph, an electrocardiograph, and an electromyograph.

17. A modular system for collecting and digitizing electrical signals, the system comprising:

a carrier board comprising:

one or more electrode connectors; and

one or more power supplies;

one or more analog-to-digital converter (ADC) modules, each ADC module comprising:

multiple input channels;

input signal routing circuitry;

at least one instrumentation power supply;

configuration switches for the at least one instrumentation power supply and the input signal routing;

an ADC;

a programmable gain amplifier; and

an ADC communications bus, wherein

each of the one or more ADC modules electrically connects to one of the one or more electrode connectors and one of the one or more power supplies of the carrier board;

a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), wherein each ADC communications bus of the one or more ADC modules is directly electrically connected to the FPGA via a separate serial interface; and

an embedded computer directly electrically connected to the FPGA via a high-speed interconnect bus.

18. The modular system of claim 17 , further comprising one or more wireless communications adapters each electrically connected to the embedded computer via a serial bus.

19. The modular system of claim 17 , further comprising a wired communications adapter electrically connected to the embedded computer via an electrical isolation device.

20. The modular system of claim 17 , wherein the high-speed interconnect bus is an Advanced eXtensible Interface.

21. The modular system of claim 17 , wherein the FPGA further includes a functional unit configured to timestamp data from each of the one or more ADC modules.

22. The modular system of claim 17 , wherein the system is capable of being used as an electroencephalograph, an electrocardiograph, and an electromyograph.

23. The modular system of claim 17 , wherein the carrier board further comprises one or more battery connectors.