Method and apparatus for operating traveling spark igniter at high pressure
An ignition circuit and a method of operating an igniter (preferably a traveling spark igniter) in an internal combustion engine, including a high pressure engine. A high voltage is applied to electrodes of the igniter, sufficient to cause breakdown to occur between the electrodes, resulting in a high current electrical discharge in the igniter, over a surface of an isolator between the electrodes, and formation of a plasma kernel in a fuel-air mixture adjacent said surface. Following breakdown, a sequence of one or more lower voltage and lower current pulses is applied to said electrodes, with a low “simmer” current being sustained through the plasma between pulses, preventing total plasma recombination and allowing the plasma kernel to move toward a free end of the electrodes with each pulse.
1. A method of plasma generation, comprising:
a. applying to an igniter having at least a pair of electrodes a voltage of amplitude sufficient to cause breakdown to occur between the electrodes, resulting in a high current electrical discharge in the igniter in an initiation region, and formation of a plasma kernel adjacent said initiation region; and
b. following breakdown, switching a switching element to apply to said electrodes at least one follow-on pulse of current in the igniter by discharging a plasma-sustaining capacitor via a current-controlling discharge path such that at least most of the current in the igniter flows in the discharge path through each of the switching element and the plasma-sustaining capacitor.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the switching element is of a type that can be switched while current therethrough is not zero.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the switching of the switching element includes turning off the switching element while the current therethrough is not zero.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein-the at least one follow-on pulse are voltage pulses generated by the capacitor pulling its discharge current through an inductance.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the inductance is in series with the capacitor and one of the electrodes.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the discharge path modulates the current in the igniter.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing at least one limit of current drain off of the plasma-sustaining capacitor.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the current flowing through the inductance induces a second current flowing through a second inductance inductively coupled to the inductance such that the second current flows from a second capacitor through the second inductance.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a pulse to the switching element using a pulse generator to cause the discharging of the plasma-sustaining capacitor.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein, while discharging the current from the plasma-sustaining capacitor, the current discharged by the plasma-sustaining capacitor flows between the switching element and the electrodes through an inductance.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the switching the switching element discharges the plasma-sustaining capacitor such that all of the current in the igniter flows in the discharge path through each of the switching element and the plasma-sustaining capacitor.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the switching element comprises a thyristor or an IGBT.
13. A circuit for plasma generation, the circuit comprising:
an igniter having at least a pair of electrodes and configured to have applied thereto a voltage of amplitude sufficient to cause breakdown to occur between the electrodes, resulting in a high current electrical discharge in the igniter in an initiation region, and formation of a plasma kernel adjacent said initiation region;
a plasma-sustaining capacitor; and
a current-controlling discharge path comprising a switching element, the switching element being configured such that, when the switching element is switched following breakdown to apply at least one follow-on pulse of current in the igniter, at least most of the current in the igniter flows in the discharge path through each of the plasma-sustaining capacitor and the switching element.
14. The circuit of claim 13 , wherein the switching element is of a type that can be switched while current therethrough is not zero.
15. The circuit of claim 14 , wherein the circuit is configured to, following breakdown, turn off the switching element while the current therethrough is not zero.
16. The circuit of claim 14 , further comprising an inductance, wherein the plasma-sustaining capacitor is configured to pull its discharge through the inductance to generate the at least one follow-on pulse as one or more voltage pulses.
17. The circuit of claim 16 , wherein the inductance is in series with the capacitor.
18. The circuit of claim 13 , wherein the switching element is configured to modulate a discharge current of the plasma-sustaining capacitor.
19. The circuit of claim 13 , wherein the circuit is further configured to provide at least one limit of current drain off of the plasma-sustaining capacitor.
20. The circuit of claim 13 , further comprising a first inductance and a second inductance that is inductively coupled to the first inductance, wherein the first inductance is configured to, when the current is flowing through the first inductance, induce a second current flowing through the second inductance such that the second current flows from the electrodes through the second inductance.
21. The circuit of claim 13 , further comprising a pulse generator configured to, following breakdown, apply a pulse to the switching element to cause the discharging of the plasma-sustaining capacitor.
22. The circuit of claim 16 , wherein the current controlling-discharge path is configured such that, while the switching element discharges the plasma-sustaining capacitor, at least most of the current flows through each of the inductance, the plasma-sustaining capacitor, and the switching element.