Methods of preparing a catalyst utilizing hydrated reagents
A method comprising a) contacting a solvent, a carboxylic acid, and a peroxide-containing compound to form an acidic mixture wherein a weight ratio of solvent to carboxylic acid in the acidic mixture is from about 1:1 to about 100:1; b) contacting a titanium-containing compound and the acidic mixture to form a solubilized titanium mixture wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to carboxylic acid in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:4 and an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to peroxide-containing compound in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:20; and c) contacting a chromium-silica support comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water and the solubilized titanium mixture to form an addition product and drying the addition product by heating to a temperature in a range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C. and maintaining the temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C. for a time period of from about 30 minutes to about 6 hours to form a pre-catalyst.
1. A method comprising:
contacting (i) a solvent wherein the solvent is aqueous, (ii) at least two carboxylic acids, (iii) a titanium-containing compound (iv) a chromium-containing compound; and (v) a silica support to form a mixture; and
spray drying the mixture to form a pre-catalyst powder,
wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to the at least two carboxylic acids in the mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:4.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixture further comprises a peroxide-containing compound.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium in the titanium-containing compound to a peroxide-containing compound in the mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:20.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein the peroxide-containing compound comprises hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, diacyl peroxides, peroxydicarbonates, monoperoxycarbonates, peroxyketals, peroxyesters, dialkyl peroxides, hydroperoxides or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein the peroxide-containing compound comprises hydrogen peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, phthaloyl peroxide or a combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least two carboxylic acids comprise a C 1 to C 15 monocarboxylic acid, a C 1 to C 15 dicarboxylic acid, a C 3 to C 15 tricarboxylic acid, a C 1 to C 15 α-hydroxycarboxylic acid, or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least two carboxylic acids comprises acetic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, phosphonoacetic acid, tartaric acid, glyceric acid, mandelic acid, 2,4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid, nitrotriacetic acid, α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, phenyl malonic acid, digluconic acid, iminodiacetic acid, hydroxymethyl-2-butyric acid, or a combination thereof.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the at least two carboxylic acids comprise a first carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of oxalate, lactate, and glycolate, and a second carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of methylmalonic acid, phenylmalonic acid, α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, salicylic acid, and citric acid.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the mixture further comprises a peroxide-containing compound wherein the peroxide-containing compound comprises hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, diacyl peroxides, peroxydicarbonates, monoperoxycarbonates, peroxyketals, peroxyesters, dialkyl peroxides, hydroperoxides or a combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the peroxide-containing compound comprises hydrogen peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, phthaloyl peroxide or a combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 7 wherein the mixture further comprises a peroxide-containing compound wherein the peroxide-containing compound comprises hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, diacyl peroxides, peroxydicarbonates, monoperoxycarbonates, peroxyketals, peroxyesters, dialkyl peroxides, hydroperoxides or a combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the peroxide-containing compound comprises hydrogen peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, phthaloyl peroxide or a combination thereof.