Methods of preparing a catalyst utilizing hydrated reagents
A method comprising a) contacting a solvent, a carboxylic acid, and a peroxide-containing compound to form an acidic mixture wherein a weight ratio of solvent to carboxylic acid in the acidic mixture is from about 1:1 to about 100:1; b) contacting a titanium-containing compound and the acidic mixture to form a solubilized titanium mixture wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to carboxylic acid in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:4 and an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to peroxide-containing compound in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:20; and c) contacting a chromium-silica support comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water and the solubilized titanium mixture to form an addition product and drying the addition product by heating to a temperature in a range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C. and maintaining the temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C. for a time period of from about 30 minutes to about 6 hours to form a pre-catalyst.
1. A pre-catalyst composition comprising:
a) a silica support comprising silica wherein an amount of silica is in a range of from about 70 wt. % to about 95 wt. % based upon a total weight of the silica support and wherein the silica support comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water;
b) a chromium-containing compound wherein an amount of chromium is in a range of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. % based upon the amount of silica;
c) a titanium-containing compound comprising one or more carboxylic acids wherein an amount of titanium is in a range of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % based upon the amount of silica; and wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium in the titanium-containing compound to the one or more carboxylic acids is in a range of from about 1:1 to about 1:4; and
d) one or more acidic phenols, wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to the one or more acidic phenols is in a range of from about 1:1 to about 1:5.
2. The pre-catalyst composition of claim 1 wherein the one or more carboxylic acids comprise a C 1 to C 15 monocarboxylic acid, a C 1 to C 15 dicarboxylic acid, a C 1 to C 15 tricarboxylic acid, a C 1 to C 15 α-hydroxycarboxylic acid, or a combination thereof.
3. The pre-catalyst composition of claim 2 wherein the one or more acidic phenols comprise catechol, salicyl alcohol, salicylic acid, phthalic acid, derivatives thereof, or any combination thereof.
4. The pre-catalyst composition of claim 3 further comprising one or more peroxide-containing compounds, wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium in the titanium-containing compound to the one or more peroxide-containing compounds is in a range of from about 1:1 to about 1:20.
5. The pre-catalyst composition of claim 4 wherein the one or more peroxide-containing compounds comprise hydrogen peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, phthaloyl peroxide or a combination thereof.
6. The pre-catalyst composition of claim 1 wherein the one or more carboxylic acids comprise acetic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, phosphonoacetic acid, tartaric acid, glyceric acid, mandelic acid, 2,4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid, nitrotriacetic acid, α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, phenyl malonic acid, digluconic acid, iminodiacetic acid, hydroxymethyl-2-butyric acid, citric acid, or a combination thereof.
7. The pre-catalyst composition of claim 6 wherein the one or more acidic phenols comprise catechol, salicyl alcohol, salicylic acid, phthalic acid, derivatives thereof, or any combination thereof.
8. The pre-catalyst composition of claim 7 further comprising one or more peroxide-containing compounds, wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium in the titanium-containing compound to the one or more peroxide-containing compounds is in a range of from about 1:1 to about 1:20.
9. The pre-catalyst composition of claim 8 wherein the one or more peroxide-containing compounds comprise hydrogen peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, phthaloyl peroxide or a combination thereof.
10. The pre-catalyst composition of claim 1 wherein the one or more acidic phenols comprise catechol, salicyl alcohol, salicylic acid, phthalic acid, derivatives thereof, or any combination thereof.
11. The pre-catalyst composition of claim 1 further comprising one or more peroxide-containing compounds, wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium in the titanium-containing compound to the one or more peroxide-containing compounds is in a range of from about 1:1 to about 1:20.
12. The pre-catalyst composition of claim 11 wherein the one or more peroxide-containing compounds comprise hydrogen peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, phthaloyl peroxide or a combination thereof.