Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles

1. An article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment comprising:

an article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment including a first surface comprising a cured material; and

an optical element having a first side and a second side opposing the first side, wherein the first side or the second side of the optical element is disposed on the cured material of the first surface and the optical element imparts a structural color to the article visible to a viewer having 20/20 visual acuity and normal color vision from a distance of about 1 meter from the article;

wherein the structural color is a single hue structural color or a limited iridescent multi-hued structural color, wherein the single hue structural color has the same hue or substantially the same hue when viewed from at least 3 different angles of observation that are at least 15 degrees apart from each other, wherein the limited iridescent multi-hued structural color varies over a limited number of hues when viewed at different angles that are at least 15 degrees apart, wherein the limited number is 2 or 3.

2. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 1 , wherein the optical element is uncolored.

3. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 1 , wherein the optical element is substantially free of a pigment, a dye, and both a pigment and a dye.

4. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 1 , wherein the optical element includes a pigment, a dye, or both.

5. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 1 , wherein the pigment, the dye, or both contribute to the structural color.

6. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 1 , wherein the first side or the second side of the optical element is disposed directly on the cured material of the first surface.

7. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 1 , further comprising a primer layer between the first surface of the article and the optical element.

8. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 7 , wherein the primer layer comprises a pigment, a dye, or both.

9. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 8 , wherein a color of the primer layer differs from a color imparted by the structural color in at least one color parameter.

10. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 7 , wherein the primer layer comprises a reground, and at least partially degraded, polymer.

11. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 7 , wherein the primer layer is an oxide layer.

12. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 1 , wherein the first surface defined by the curable material includes a first constituent, wherein the first constituent comprises the curable material, wherein the first constituent is selected from a group consisting of a first fiber or filament, a first yarn, a first film, a first textile, and of a combination thereof.

13. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 12 , wherein the first textile is a woven, crochet, braided, or a knit textile.

14. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 12 , wherein the first textile is nonwoven textile, a knit textile, or a woven textile.

15. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 12 , wherein the first textile is a synthetic leather.

16. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 1 , wherein the cured material comprises a thermoset polymer.

17. The article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment of claim 1 , further comprising disposing a primer layer on the first surface prior to disposing the first side or the second side of the optical element on the first surface.

18. An article of footwear, apparel or sporting equipment resulting from the method comprising:

disposing a first side or a second side of an optical element on a first surface of the article, wherein the first surface is defined by a curable material,

wherein the first side of the optical element imparts a structural color to the article;

wherein the optical element and the optical element imparts a structural color to the article;

wherein the structural color is a single hue structural color or a limited iridescent multi-hued structural color, wherein the single hue structural color has the same hue or substantially the same hue when viewed from at least 3 different angles of observation that are at least 15 degrees apart from each other, wherein the limited iridescent multi-hued structural color varies over a limited number of hues when viewed at different angles that are at least 15 degrees apart, wherein the limited number is 2 or 3.

19. The article of claim 1 , wherein the optical element has 2 to 6 layers, wherein each layer of the optical layer, independently, has a thickness of about 10 to 500 nanometers, wherein adjacent layers of the optical element have different refractive indices, wherein each layer of the optical element is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, magnesium fluoride, tantalum pentoxide, aluminum oxide, and a combination thereof.

20. The article of claim 18 , wherein the optical element has 2 to 6 layers, wherein each layer of the optical layer, independently, has a thickness of about 10 to 500 nanometers, wherein adjacent layers of the optical element have different refractive indices, wherein each layer of the optical element is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, magnesium fluoride, tantalum pentoxide, aluminum oxide, and a combination thereof.