Directionally dependent optical features apparatus and method
Directionally dependent optical effects are produced from faceted micrometer-scale substructures. The directionally dependent optical effects can appear as one specific color when viewed from one direction and another specific color when flipped and viewed from the opposing direction. The directionally dependent optical effects may appear reflective or transmissive from one direction and antireflective or opaque when flipped around.
1 . An apparatus comprising a faceted structure having directionally dependent optical features, comprising:
a first plurality of facets substantially facing a first direction, wherein said first plurality of facets includes facets having a first length dimension that is larger than a target wavelength of interest directed at said faceted structure;
a second plurality of facets substantially facing a second direction different from said first direction, wherein said second plurality of facets includes facets having a second length dimension that is larger than said target wavelength of interest; and
means for producing, from said faceted structure, at least one directionally dependent optical effect of said target wavelength of interest that (a) depends on a direction from which said faceted structure is viewed and (b) is independent of a precise specification or control of a viewing angle from which said faceted structure is viewed from said direction, regardless of whether said direction is said first direction or said second direction,
wherein said faceted structure is stretchable to flatten said faceted structure and cause a change in the at least one directionally dependent optical effect.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said faceted structure further comprises a third plurality of facets substantially facing in one or more additional directions that are different from said first direction and said second direction, wherein said third plurality of facets have a third length dimension that is larger than said target wavelength of interest.
3 . The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said third plurality of facets face said one or more additional directions within a tolerance of plus or minus 8% in any given direction.
4 . The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said at least one directionally dependent optical effect includes a color, an image, a degree of reflectivity, or a degree of transmissivity.
5 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said first plurality of facets face said first direction within a tolerance of plus or minus 8% in any given direction and wherein said second plurality of facets face said second direction within a tolerance of plus or minus 8% in any given direction.
6 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said target wavelength of interest is less than 750 nm.
7 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said at least one directionally dependent optical effect includes a color, an image, a degree of reflectivity, or a degree of transmissivity.
8 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said means for producing said at least one directionally dependent optical effect comprises a first coating on said first plurality of facets and a second coating on said second plurality of facets, wherein said first coating has a first thickness and wherein said second coating has a second thickness that is different from said first thickness.
9 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said means for producing said at least one directionally dependent optical effect comprises a coating on said first plurality of facets and no coating on said second plurality of facets.
10 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said means for producing said at least one directionally dependent optical effect comprises a conformal coating on both said first plurality of facets and said second plurality of facets.
11 . The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein said conformal coating comprises a multilayer thin film.
12 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said faceted structure comprises a hierarchical structure including densely packed carbon nanotube arrays grown on at least one of said first plurality of facets or said second plurality of facets.
13 . A method, comprising;
providing a faceted structure having directionally dependent optical features, comprising:
a first plurality of facets substantially facing a first direction, wherein said first plurality of facets includes facets having a first length dimension that is larger than a target wavelength of interest directed at said faceted structure;
a second plurality of facets substantially facing a second direction different from said first direction, wherein said second plurality of facets includes facets having a second length dimension that is larger than said target wavelength of interest; and
means for producing from said faceted structure at least one directionally dependent optical effect of said target wavelength of interest that (a) depends on a direction from which said faceted structure is viewed and (b) is independent of a precise specification or control of a viewing angle from which said faceted structure is viewed from said direction, regardless of whether said direction is said first direction or said second direction, wherein said faceted structure is stretchable to flatten said faceted structure and cause a change in the at least one directionally dependent optical effect; and
directing said target wavelength of interest at said faceted structure.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein said faceted structure further comprises a third plurality of facets substantially facing in one or more additional directions that are different from said first direction and said second direction, wherein said third plurality of facets have a third length dimension that is larger than said target wavelength of interest.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein said third plurality of facets face said one or more additional directions within a tolerance of plus or minus 8% in any given direction.
16 . The method of claim 14 , wherein said at least one directionally dependent optical effect includes a color, an image, a degree of reflectivity or a degree of transmissivity.
17 . The method of claim 13 , wherein said first plurality of facets face said first direction within a tolerance of plus or minus 8% in any given direction and wherein said second plurality of facets face said second direction within a tolerance of plus or minus 8% in any given direction.
18 . The method of claim 13 , wherein said target wavelength of interest is at least 750 nm.
19 . The method of claim 13 , wherein said at least one directionally dependent optical effect includes a color, an image, a degree of reflectivity or a degree of transmissivity.
20 . The method of claim 13 , wherein said means for producing said at least one directionally dependent optical effect comprises a first coating on said first plurality of facets and a second coating on said second plurality of facets, wherein said first coating has a first thickness and wherein said second coating has a second thickness that is different from said first thickness.
21 . The method of claim 13 , wherein said means for producing said at least one directionally dependent optical effect comprises a coating on said first plurality of facets and no coating on said second plurality of facets.
22 . The method of claim 13 , wherein said means for producing said at least one directionally dependent optical effect comprises a conformal coating on both said first plurality of facets and said second plurality of facets.
23 . The method of claim 22 , wherein said conformal coating comprises a multilayer thin film.
24 . The method of claim 13 , wherein said faceted structure comprises a hierarchical structure including densely packed carbon nanotube arrays grown on at least one of said first plurality of facets or said second plurality of facets.