Method and device for discriminatory capacitive detection, and apparatus provided with such a device
A method for capacitive detection of nearby objects that may be located in the environment of an equipment provided with a capacitive detection device including a detection step, called discriminative detection step, including the following operations: polarizing a first nearby object at a first alternating potential (V 1 ), different from a ground potential (M), and from the potential of at least one second nearby object, at a first frequency (F 1 ); and determining a first discriminative signal representative of a capacitance, called electrode-object capacitance, seen by the at least one measurement electrode, at said first frequency (F 1 ).
1. A method for capacitive detection of nearby objects that may be located in the environment of an equipment equipped with a capacitive detection device comprising:
at least one capacitive electrode, called measurement electrode;
at least one guard electrode for electrically guarding the at least one measurement electrode; and
detection electronics for polarizing the at least one measurement electrode at an electrical potential, and measuring at least one signal (Vs) representative of a capacitance, called electrode-object capacitance, seen by said at least one measurement electrode;
said method comprises a step, called discriminative detection step, of selective detection of a nearby object, comprising the following operations:
polarizing a first nearby object at a first alternating electrical potential (V 1 ), different from a ground potential (M), and different from an electrical potential of at least one second nearby object, at least at a first frequency (F 1 ); and
determining a first discriminative signal representative of a capacitance, called electrode-object capacitance, seen by said at least one measurement electrode, at said first frequency (F 1 ), wherein the at least one guard electrode is polarized at the same electrical potential as the measurement electrode during the discriminative detection step.
2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises, during the discriminative detection step, polarizing at least one second object at the ground potential (M).
3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises, during the discriminative detection step, polarizing at least one second object at a second alternating potential (V 2 ) at a second frequency (F 2 ) different from the first frequency (F 1 ).
4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises, during the discriminative detection step, polarizing at least one second object at a potential of the same frequency as the first alternating potential (V 1 ) and orthogonal to said first alternating potential (V 1 ), at the first frequency (F 1 ).
5. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that, during the discriminative detection step, the at least one measurement electrode is polarized at the ground potential (M).
6. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that, during the discriminative detection step, the at least one measurement electrode is polarized at a third alternating potential.
7. The method according to claim 6 , characterized in that, during the discriminative detection step, the third polarization potential (V 0 ) is:
different from the first polarization potential (V 1 ) at the first frequency (F 1 ), and
if applicable, different from the second polarization potential (V 2 ) at the second frequency (F 1 ).
8. The method according to claim 6 , characterized in that the third potential is identical to the first polarization potential (V 1 ) at the first frequency (F 1 ), or to the second polarization potential (V 2 ) at the second frequency (F 2 ).
9. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that it also comprises a step, called common detection step, of detection of the nearby objects, comprising the following operations:
polarizing at least one measurement electrode at an alternating potential, called working potential, different from a ground potential (M), and different from the potentials of the first and second nearby objects at a frequency, called working frequency; and
determining a common signal representative of a capacitance, called electrode-object capacitance, seen by the at least one measurement electrode, at said working frequency.
10. The method according to claim 9 , characterized in that, during the common detection step:
the working frequency is identical to the first frequency (F 1 ), and the working potential is identical, at this frequency (F 1 ), to the first polarization potential (V 1 ) of a first object during the discriminative detection step, or
if applicable, the working frequency is identical to the second frequency and the working potential is identical, at this frequency, to the second polarization potential (V 2 ) of a second object; and
the steps of discriminative and common detection being carried out sequentially, said method comprising a step of modifying the potential of said first object, or of said second object, between said detection steps.
11. The method according to claim 9 , characterized in that the working potential (V 0 ) used during the common detection step, is different:
from the polarization potentials (V 1 , M) of the objects used during the discriminative detection step, at the first frequency (F 1 ); and
if applicable, from the second potential at the second frequency;
the steps of discriminative detection and common detection being carried out simultaneously so that the common detection signal and the discriminative detection signal(s) are determined from one and the same measured signal.
12. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least one nearby object is polarized in a wired manner from an electrical source supplying the detection device.
13. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least one nearby object is polarized by an electrical source independent of an electrical source supplying the detection device, said method also comprising an exchange, between said sources, of a wireless signal for:
synchronizing said sources with one another; or
recovering the frequency, and/or the phase, of the polarization signal of said at least one nearby object.
14. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the first object is at least one part of a body of a human operator, and in particular a hand or an arm of said operator.
15. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the first object is a working area facing the equipment such as a table, a worktop, a belt conveyor, and the second object is at least one part of a body of a human operator.
16. A capacitive detection device for an equipment, comprising:
at least one capacitive electrode, called measurement electrode, and
a detection electronics for polarizing at least one measurement electrode, and measuring at least one signal representative of a capacitance, called electrode-object capacitance, seen by said at least one measurement electrode; and
a means for polarizing at least one nearby object;
arranged in order to implement all of the steps of the method according to claim 1 .
17. The device according to claim 16 , characterized in that it comprises:
a first electrical source for polarizing the first object; and
a second source for supplying the detection electronics, independent of said first source.
18. The device according to claim 16 , characterized in that it comprises a single electrical source for polarizing, in turn:
at least one nearby object, and
measurement electrodes;
said device also comprising means for connecting/disconnecting said source in turn to/from said nearby object and said measurement electrodes.
19. An equipment equipped with a capacitive detection device according to claim 16 .
20. The equipment according to claim 19 , characterized in that it is of the robot type.