Self-stabilized thermothickening colloids
A thermothickening fluid is provided which comprises a liquid phase; a first polymer comprising functional groups and having a room temperature solubility in the liquid phase; and a second, different polymer comprising functional groups and having a room temperature solubility in the liquid phase, wherein functional groups on the first polymer are capable of associating with functional groups on the second polymer to form complexes, and the room temperature solubility of the first polymer is greater than the room temperature solubility of the second polymer. The fluid is a colloid at room temperature, a solution at an elevated temperature, and exhibits a thermothickening/thinning transition viscosity value at a thermo-thickening/thinning transition temperature between room temperature and the elevated temperature.
1 . A thermothickening fluid comprising:
a liquid phase;
a first polymer comprising functional groups and having a room temperature solubility in the liquid phase; and
a second, different polymer comprising functional groups and having a room temperature solubility in the liquid phase, wherein functional groups on the first polymer are capable of associating with functional groups on the second polymer to form complexes, and the room temperature solubility of the first polymer is greater than the room temperature solubility of the second polymer,
wherein the fluid is a colloid at room temperature, a solution at an elevated temperature, and exhibits a thermothickening/thinning transition viscosity value at a thermo-thickening/thinning transition temperature between room temperature and the elevated temperature.
2 . The fluid of claim 1 , wherein the association between corresponding functional groups on the first and second polymers to form the complexes is hydrogen bonding.
3 . The fluid of claim 1 , wherein the functional groups of one of the first and second polymers are carboxylic acid groups.
4 . The fluid of claim 1 , wherein the functional groups of one of the first and second polymers are amine-groups.
5 . The fluid of claim 1 , wherein one or both of the first and second polymers comprise additional functional groups capable of inducing repulsive interactions between colloidal particles in the colloid.
6 . The fluid of claim 5 , wherein the additional functional groups are charged functional groups.
7 . The fluid of claim 6 , wherein the charged functional groups are quaternary amine groups, carboxylate groups, sulfite groups, or combinations thereof.
8 . The fluid of claim 1 , wherein one of the first and second polymers is composed of (meth)acrylic acid-based monomers.
9 . The fluid of claim 1 , wherein one of the first and second polymers is composed of pyridine-based monomers or imidazole-based monomers.
10 . The fluid of claim 4 , wherein at least some of the amine groups are quaternized.
11 . The fluid of claim 1 , wherein the first and second polymers are homopolymers.
12 . The fluid of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer has a solubility parameter χ at room temperature of less than 0.5 and the second polymer has a solubility parameter χ at room temperature of greater than 0.5.
13 . The fluid of claim 1 , wherein the first and second polymers are homopolymers, the functional groups of one of the first and second polymers are carboxylic acid groups, the functional groups of the other of the first and second polymers are amine-groups, and at least some of the amine groups are quaternized.
14 . The fluid of claim 13 , wherein one of the first and second polymers is composed of (meth)acrylic acid-based monomers and the other of the first and second polymers is composed of pyridine-based monomers or imidazole-based monomers.
15 . The fluid of claim 13 , wherein the fluid has a total polymer weight of from 8 weight % to 12 weight % and a mole percentage of a monomer providing the carboxylic acid groups in a range of from 44% to 50%.
16 . The fluid of claim 1 , wherein the liquid phase is an aqueous solution comprising water and an organic liquid.
17 . The fluid of claim 1 , wherein the thermothickening/thinning transition viscosity value is at least 100 times greater than a viscosity of the fluid at room temperature.
18 . The fluid of claim 1 , wherein the thermothickening/thinning transition temperature is no more than 25° C. above room temperature.
19 . A method of making the thermothickening fluid of claim 1 , comprising combining the liquid phase, the first polymer and the second polymer at the elevated temperature to obtain the solution and cooling the solution to room temperature to obtain the colloid.
20 . A method of using the thermothickening fluid of claim 1 , comprising adding the fluid to a liquid and heating the liquid to change the liquid's viscosity.