Methods for optical tracking and surface acquisition in surgical environments and devices thereof
A computer assisted system is disclosed that includes an optical tracking system and one or more computing devices. The optical tracking system includes an RGB sensor and is configured to capture color images of an environment in the visible light spectrum and tracking images of fiducials in the environment in a near-infrared spectrum. The computer assisted system is configured to generate a color image of the environment using the color images, identify fiducial locations using the tracking images, generate depth maps from the color images, reconstruct three-dimensional surfaces of structures based on the depth maps, and output a display comprising the reconstructed three-dimensional surface and one or more surgical objects that are associated with the tracked fiducials. The computer assisted system can further include a monitor or a head-mounted display (HMD) configured to present augmented reality (AR) images during a procedure.
1. A method for optical tracking and surface acquisition, the method comprising:
projecting, with a structured light module of an optical tracking system, a pattern into an environment, wherein the pattern is projected in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum;
capturing, with an image sensor of at least one optical module of the optical tracking system, a first image during the projection of the pattern, wherein the structured light module is housed by a first device of the optical tracking system that is detached from a second device of the optical tracking system within which the optical module is disposed;
capturing, with the image sensor, a second image;
tracking a marker affixed to the structured light module or the first device;
processing the second image to determine tracking information comprising at least a three-dimensional position of each of one or more fiducials within the environment, wherein the one or more fiducials comprise the marker;
generating at least one depth map from the first image and reconstructing a three-dimensional surface of one or more structures in a surgical environment based on the generated at least one depth map; and
outputting the reconstructed three-dimensional surface and an indication of one or more objects, wherein the one or more objects are associated with the one or more fiducials and located based on the tracking information.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the image sensor comprises a red-green-blue (RGB) complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor, wherein capturing the first image comprises capturing the first image in a visible light spectrum, and wherein capturing the second image comprises capturing the second image in a NIR spectrum.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the optical tracking system comprises a stereo system comprising a first optical module comprising a first image sensor and a second optical module comprising a second image sensor, and wherein capturing the first image and the second image comprises capturing the first image and the second image with the first and second image sensors.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first and second optical modules are fixed on a baseline, and wherein the method further comprises calibrating a first pose of the first optical module with respect to a second pose of the second optical module.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fiducials comprise passive fiducial markers configured to reflect NIR light, and wherein the method further comprises emitting the NIR light with one or more NIR light-emitting diodes (LEDs) coupled to the optical tracking system.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising projecting, with the structured light module, one or more of a plurality of sequential patterns, a plurality of stripes, a random pattern, a pseudo-random pattern, or a plurality of points.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
repeating the projecting, capturing, processing, and generating for a plurality of first and second images;
generating a plurality of three-dimensional surfaces of the one or more structures from the plurality of depth maps; and
stitching the plurality of three-dimensional surfaces to reconstruct the three-dimensional surface of the one or more structures.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the one or more structures comprise patient anatomy, wherein the environment comprises a surgical environments, and wherein the method further comprises:
moving the patient anatomy between the capturing of the plurality of first and second images; and
generating and outputting a three-dimensional sequence of the moving patient anatomy based on the stitched plurality of three-dimensional surfaces.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
detecting a gesture within the environment via analysis of one or more of the first or second images; and
instructing a computer-assisted system based on the detected gesture to control one or more aspects of a workflow.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the structured light module and the optical module are rigidly fixed to the optical tracking system, and wherein capturing the first image and the second image comprises capturing the first and second images in a common referential space.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
registering data to the first image based on the tracking information; and
outputting an augmented reality (AR) image of one or more portions of the environment generated based on the registration and comprising the one or more structures overlaid with the data.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first image comprises a color image, a Bayer raw image, or a grayscale image.