Compositions
The invention provides a composition comprising (a) from about 6 to about 18 weight % R-1132a, (b) from about 5 to about 35 weight % R-32, and (c) from about 47 to about 89 weight % R-1234yf. The use of such a composition as a working fluid in a heat pump system of a vehicle, preferably an electric vehicle, is also provided.
1. A composition comprising:
(a) from about 6 to about 18 weight % R-1132a
(b) from about 5 to about 35 weight % R-32
(c) from about 47 to about 89 weight % R-1234yf.
2. The composition according to claim 1 comprising from about 6 to about 15 weight % R-1132a, from about 7 to about 12 weight % R-1132a, from about 7 to about 10 weight % R-1132a, from about 6 to about 10 weight % R-1132a, or from 6 to about 7 weight % R-1132a.
3. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises from about 7 to about 28 weight % R-32, from about 10 to about 25 weight % R-32, from about 12 to about 23 weight % R-32, from about 14 to about 21 weight % R-32, or from about 15 to about 19 weight % R-32.
4. The composition according to claim 3 , wherein the composition comprises from about 63 to about 85 weight % R-1234yf, from about 67 to about 83 weight % R-1234yf, from about 69 to about 82 weight % R-1234yf, or from about 72 to about 81 weight % R-1234yf.
5. The composition according to claim 1 comprising from about 6 to about 30 weight % R-32, such as from about 7 to about 20 weight % R-32, from about 8 to about 15 weight % R-32, or from about 9 to about 13 weight % R-32.
6. The composition according to claim 5 , wherein the composition comprises from about 55 to about 87 weight % R-1234yf, from about 60 to about 84 weight % R-1234yf, or from about 75 to about 84 weight % R-1234yf.
7. The composition according to claim 6 , wherein the composition comprises from about 6 to about 9 weight % R-1132a, or from about 6 to about 8 weight % R-1132a.
8. The composition according to claim 1 comprising from about 55 to about 88 weight % R-1234yf, from about 60 to about 87 weight % R-1234yf, from about 75 to about 85 weight % R-1234yf, or from about 78 to about 84 weight % R-1234yf.
9. The composition according to claim 8 , wherein the composition comprises from about 6 to about 10 weight % R-1132a, or from 6 to about 7 weight % R-1132a.
10. The composition according to claim 9 , wherein the composition comprises from about 6 to less than about 30 weight % R-32, or from about 7 to less than about 30 weight % R-32.
11. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises about 8 weight % R-1132a, about 11 weight % R-32 and about 81 weight % R-1234yf.
12. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises about 6 weight % R-1132a, about 20 weight % R-32 and about 74 weight % R-1234yf.
13. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the tolerances (preferably manufacturing tolerances) are about ±0.5 weight % for R-1132a, about ±1 weight % for R-32 and about ±1.5 weight % for R-1234yf.
14. The composition according to claim 1 consisting essentially of the stated components.
15. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has:
(a) a higher lower flammable limit; (b) a higher ignition energy (c) a higher auto-ignition temperature; and/or (d) a lower burning velocity compared to R-1132a alone.
16. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a burning velocity of less than about 10 cm/s as determined in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 34:2019.
17. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is classified as weakly flammable (“class 2L”) as determined in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 34:2019.
18. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of less than about 400.
19. The composition comprising a lubricant and a composition according to claim 1 , wherein the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, silicone oil, polyalkyl benzenes (PABs), polyol esters (POEs), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), polyalkylene glycol esters (PAG esters), polyvinyl ethers (PVEs), poly (alpha-olefins) and combinations thereof.
20. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a temperature glide in an evaporator or condenser of less than about 12K.
21. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition can operate in a heat pump mode at a temperature of less than about 20° C.
22. The composition according to claim 1 having a heating capacity which is greater than or about equal to that of R-1234yf.
23. The composition according to claim 1 having a volumetric cooling capacity which is greater than or about equal to that of R-1234yf.
24. The composition according to claim 1 having a cycle efficiency (coefficient of performance (COP)) which is greater than or about equal to or higher than that of R-1234yf.
25. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition evaporates at a temperature of below about 30° C.
26. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition condenses at a temperature of above about 40° C.
27. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the compressor discharge temperature of the composition is within about 15K of the existing refrigerant fluid it is replacing.
28. A method of operating a heat pump system of a vehicle, comprising providing the composition according to claim 1 as a working fluid in the heat pump system.
29. A method of operating an air-conditioning system of a vehicle, wherein the vehicle comprises an electric vehicle or a vehicle operating on an internal combustion engine (ICE), comprising providing the composition according to claim 1 as a working fluid in the air-conditioning system.
30. A method of operating a refrigeration system or air-conditioning system, comprising replacing the existing heat transfer fluid with the composition according to claim 1 .
31. A heat transfer device comprising a composition as defined in claim 1 preferably the heat transfer device is a refrigeration device or an air-conditioning device.
32. A method for cooling an article which comprises condensing a composition of claim 1 and thereafter evaporating said composition in the vicinity of the article to be cooled.
33. A method for heating an article which comprises condensing a composition according to claim 1 in the vicinity of the article to be heated and thereafter evaporating said composition.