Method and apparatus for axially shaping a tube
A method and an apparatus for axially shaping a tube use a mandrel guided in the tube and an annular die guided on the outside of the tube. The tube is clamped in a clamping device. The outer diameter of the tube is reduced by moving the annular die in a pushing direction. In order to form undercuts on the outside and inside of the tube the method uses the following steps: Reversing the direction of movement of the die and the mandrel upon reaching an end position from the pushing direction to an opposite pulling direction. In a first setting step, the die and the mandrel are then moved in relation to one another to a first preset annular-gap setting, and in a subsequent first shaping step, the die and the mandrel are moved in the pulling direction, while maintaining the preset annular gap.
1. A method for axially shaping a tube ( 200 ) with a mandrel ( 110 ) guided in the tube ( 200 ) and an annular die ( 120 ) guided on an outside of the tube ( 200 ), an inside diameter of the annular die ( 120 ) being smaller than an original outside diameter of the tube ( 200 ),
wherein the annular die ( 120 ) has at least one conical transition portion ( 120 -I, 120 -II) that extends axially inside the annular die ( 120 ),
wherein the mandrel ( 110 ) has at least one conical transition portion ( 110 -I, 110 -II) that extends axially on an outside of the mandrel ( 110 ), and
wherein the annular die and the mandrel in their juxtaposition span an annular gap ( 130 ) for passing through and shaping a wall of the tube ( 200 ),
the method comprising:
clamping the tube ( 200 ) with an original wall thickness in a clamping device ( 140 ) such that at least one free portion ( 210 ) of the tube ( 200 ) remains for shaping the tube ( 200 );
inserting the mandrel ( 110 ) into the tube ( 200 );
reducing the original outside diameter of the tube ( 200 ) by pushing the annular die ( 120 ) in a pushing direction (S) towards the clamping device ( 140 ) over the free portion ( 210 ) of the tube ( 200 ), wherein the mandrel ( 110 ) leads the annular die ( 120 ) in the pushing direction;
upon reaching an end position (E), reversing the direction of movement of the annular die ( 120 ) and the mandrel ( 110 ) from the pushing direction (S) to an opposite pulling direction (Z);
moving, in a first setting step, the annular die ( 120 ) and mandrel ( 110 ) in relation to one another to a first preset annular-gap setting; and
moving, in a first shaping step, the annular die ( 120 ) and mandrel ( 110 ) in the pulling direction (Z) over a first partial portion (T 1 ) of the free tube portion ( 210 ), while maintaining the first preset annular-gap setting,
moving, in a subsequent second setting step, the annular die ( 120 ) and mandrel ( 110 ) in relation to one another to a negative annular-gap setting, in which the conical transition portions ( 110 -I, 120 -I) of the annular die ( 120 ) and the mandrel ( 110 ) taper towards a free end of the tube ( 200 ) and span the annular gap; and
moving, in a second shaping step, the annular die ( 120 ) and mandrel ( 110 ) in the pulling direction (Z) over a second partial portion (T 2 ) of the free tube portion ( 210 ), while maintaining the second preset annular-gap setting, thereby causing an outer diameter of the tube in the second partial portion (T 2 ) to be greater than an outer diameter of the tube in the first partial portion (T 1 ).
2. The method according to claim 1 ,
wherein, after the second shaping step, one or more further setting steps and subsequent shaping steps are performed,
wherein, in each further setting step, the annular die ( 120 ) and the mandrel ( 110 ) are set to a further annular-gap setting, which differs from a previous annular-gap setting.
3. The method according to claim 2 ,
wherein the mandrel ( 110 ) has a cylindrical portion ( 110 -III) in addition to the at least one conical transition portion ( 110 -I, 110 -II) on the outside of the mandrel ( 110 ); and
wherein in at least one of the setting steps the annular die ( 120 ) and the mandrel ( 110 ) are set in relation to one another to a minimum vertical annular distance by arranging a narrowest point of the annular die opposite the cylindrical portion ( 110 -III) of the mandrel ( 110 ).
4. The method according to claim 3 ,
further comprising, in a subsequent shaping step after setting the annular die ( 120 ) and the mandrel ( 110 ) to the minimum vertical annular distance, axially stretching the tube ( 200 ) in a pulling direction (Z) to a wall thickness which corresponds to the minimum vertical annular distance.
5. The method according to claim 2 ,
wherein in at least one of the setting steps, the annular die ( 120 ) and mandrel ( 110 ) are moved in relation to one another to a positive annular-gap setting, in which the conical transition portions ( 110 -II, 120 -II) of the annular die ( 120 ) and mandrel ( 110 ) flare towards the free end of the tube ( 200 ) and span the annular gap at a front side of the annular die.
6. The method according to claim 2 ,
wherein in at least one of the setting steps, the annular die ( 120 ) is stopped and the mandrel ( 110 ) is moved relative to the annular die ( 120 ).
7. The method according to claim 2 ,
wherein in at least one of the setting steps the movement of the annular die ( 120 ) and the mandrel ( 110 ) in relation to one another is performed by moving the mandrel ( 110 ) while the annular die ( 120 ) continues to move continuously in the pulling direction (Z).
8. The method according to claim 2 ,
wherein in at least one of the shaping steps, the annular die ( 120 ) and the mandrel ( 110 ) are moved synchronously.
9. The method according to one claim 2 ,
wherein, in one of the setting steps, the annular die ( 120 ) and the mandrel ( 110 ) are set in relation to one another to a minimum vertical annular distance by arranging a narrowest point of the annular die the opposite a cylindrical portion ( 110 -III) of the mandrel ( 110 ),
wherein, in the subsequent shaping step, a stretching of the tube ( 200 ) is performed, and
wherein, in the subsequent further setting step, a negative annular-gap setting is made, such that, in the subsequent further shaping step, an undercut ( 220 ) is formed on the outside of the tube ( 200 ); or
wherein, in the subsequent further setting step, a positive annular-gap setting is made, such that, in the subsequent further shaping step, an undercut ( 240 ) is formed on the inside of the tube ( 200 ).
10. The method according to claim 9 ,
wherein, after the undercuts ( 220 , 240 ) are formed, a setting step is again performed to set a minimum annular gap; and
wherein, in a subsequent further shaping step, the stretching of the tube ( 200 ) takes place.
11. An apparatus for axially shaping a tube ( 200 ), comprising
a clamping device ( 140 ) for clamping the tube ( 200 ), such that a free portion ( 320 ) remains;
a shaping device ( 150 ) axially aligned with the clamping device ( 140 ) and having an axially displaceable annular die ( 120 ) and a mandrel ( 110 ) coaxially guided within the annular die ( 120 ),
wherein the annular die ( 120 ) and the mandrel each have a conical axially extending transition portion ( 110 -I, 110 -II, 120 -I, 120 -II),
wherein the annular die ( 120 ) and the mandrel ( 110 ) in their juxtaposition span an annular gap for passing through and shaping the wall of the tube ( 200 ); and
a controller ( 152 ) allocated to the shaping device ( 150 ) for moving the annular die ( 120 ) and the mandrel ( 110 ) independently of each other along the free portion of the tube ( 200 ) for shaping the tube ( 200 ) in a pushing direction (S) and a pulling direction (Z),
wherein the controller ( 152 ) is configured to perform the following steps:
pushing the annular die ( 120 ) in a pushing direction (S) towards the clamping device ( 140 ) over the free portion ( 210 ) of the tube ( 200 ) while the mandrel ( 110 ) leads the annular die ( 120 ) in the pushing direction and thereby reducing an original outside diameter of the tube ( 200 );
upon reaching an end position (E), reversing the direction of movement of the annular die ( 120 ) and the mandrel ( 110 ) from the pushing direction (S) to an opposite pulling direction (Z);
moving, in a first setting step, the annular die ( 120 ) and mandrel ( 110 ) in relation to one another to a first preset annular-gap setting;
moving, in a first shaping step, the annular die ( 120 ) and mandrel ( 110 ) in the pulling direction (Z) over a first partial portion (T 1 ) of the free tube portion ( 210 ), while maintaining the first preset annular-gap setting;
moving, in a subsequent second setting step, the annular die ( 120 ) and mandrel ( 110 ) in relation to one another to a negative annular-gap setting, in which the conical transition portions ( 110 -I, 120 -I) of the annular die ( 120 ) and the mandrel ( 110 ) taper towards a free end of the tube ( 200 ) and span the annular gap; and
moving, in a second shaping step, the annular die ( 120 ) and mandrel ( 110 ) in the pulling direction (Z) over a second partial portion (T 2 ) of the free tube portion ( 210 ), while maintaining the second preset annular-gap setting, thereby causing an outer diameter of the tube in the second partial portion T 2 ) to be greater than an outer diameter of the tube in the first partial portion (T 1 ).
12. The apparatus according to claim 11 ,
wherein the mandrel ( 110 ) is profiled in a longitudinal direction with a gearwheel-shaped cross-section.