Human milk oligosaccharides for use in enhancing executive function
Use of a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), or a nutritional composition comprising a human milk oligosaccharide, to enhance executive function in a non-infant, to prevent and/or reduce the risk of sub-optimal executive function in a non-infant, to manage sub-optimal executive functioning in a non-infant, and/or to improve myelination to mature the pre-frontal cortex region of the brain in a non-infant, as well as synthetic compositions of HMOs and packs comprising at least 14 individual daily doses of an effective amount of at least one HMO for such a use.
1 . A method for enhancing executive function, the method comprising:
providing to a non-infant human, a composition formulated to enhance working memory performance in the non-infant human, the composition consisting essentially of a prebiotic mixture of synthetic human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) selected from the group consisting of:
a mixture of the following four HMOs: 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), difucosyllactose (DFL), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), and
a mixture of the following six HMOs: 2′-FL, DFL, LNT, LNnT, 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL), and 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL);
providing instructions to the non-infant human indicating a dosage of the prebiotic mixture of synthetic HMOs to be consumed by the non-infant human, wherein the dosage is from about 0.5 g to about 15 g per day; and
enhancing working memory performance in the non-infant human consuming the indicated dosage of the mixture of synthetic HMOs, wherein enhancing working memory performance refers to enhancing the capacity to temporarily hold and manipulate information for completing cognitive tasks, including planning, problem solving, and/or decision making.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising enhancing reference memory performance in the non-infant human consuming the dosage of the mixture of synthetic HMOs, wherein enhancing reference memory performance refers to enhancing the capacity to store and retrieve information in long-term memory while performing repeated activities.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition consisting essentially of the prebiotic mixture of synthetic human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) is provided in a unit dosage form selected from the group consisting of capsule form, tablet form, sachet form, and stick pack form.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition consisting essentially of the prebiotic mixture of synthetic human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) further includes one or more components that do not have prebiotic or probiotic effects selected from the group consisting of diluents, excipients, antioxidants, lubricants, colorants, binders, and disintegrants.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of 3′-SL to 6′-SL, if present in the mixture, is from about 5:1 to about 3:1.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition consisting essentially of the prebiotic mixture of synthetic human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) is effective for enhancing general working memory (GWM) performance in the non-infant human consuming the dosage of the mixture of synthetic HMOs, wherein enhancing general working memory performance refers to maintaining capacity to recall information correctly while performing multistep tasks.