System for and method of processing waste lithium-ion battery
A system for and a method of processing a waste lithium-ion battery make it possible to improve heat treatment efficiency and to heat-treat a large-sized waste lithium-ion battery without disassembling the battery. One example of the system for processing a waste lithium-ion battery includes a heater that heat-treats a waste lithium-ion battery at a heating temperature of lower than 400° C. to decompose and remove an electrolyte solution from the waste lithium-ion battery.
1. A method of processing a waste lithium-ion battery, the method comprising: a heating step of heat-treating a waste lithium-ion battery at a heating temperature of higher than or equal to 150° C. and lower than or equal to 250° C. to decompose and remove an electrolyte solution from the waste lithium-ion battery without decomposing organic matter included in the waste lithium-ion battery;
a crushing and classifying step of using a crusher-classifier for sorting out a cathode active material by separating the cathode active material from a cathode current collector of the waste lithium-ion battery that has been heat-treated in the heating step, while crushing the waste lithium-ion battery; and a roasting step of heat-treating the waste lithium-ion battery that has been crushed in the crushing step at a heating temperature that is higher than or equal to 400° C. in a reducing atmosphere or a low-oxygen atmosphere, wherein in the heating step, the waste lithium-ion battery is heat-treated by using a grate preheater while the waste lithium-ion battery is being transported in one direction, in the crushing step, the waste lithium-ion battery is crushed by a crusher located at an outlet of the grate preheater, and the roasting step includes: receiving, through a receiving inlet of a rotary kiln, the waste lithium-ion battery that has been crushed by the crusher, the rotary kiln including a cylindrical body that rotates about a center axis of the cylindrical body and with an internal atmosphere that is the reducing atmosphere or the low-oxygen atmosphere, an outer wall of the cylindrical body being heated, the receiving inlet being at one end of the cylindrical body in a direction of the center axis of the cylindrical body; transporting, inside the cylindrical body toward a discharging outlet by rotating the cylindrical body, the waste lithium-ion battery that has been received through the receiving inlet, the discharging outlet being at another end of the cylindrical body in the direction of the center axis of the cylindrical body; and discharging the waste lithium-ion battery through the discharging outlet.
2. A system for processing a waste lithium-ion battery, the system comprising a heater that heat-treats a waste lithium-ion battery at a heating temperature of higher than or equal to 150° C. and lower than or equal to 250° C. to decompose and remove an electrolyte solution from the waste lithium-ion battery without decomposing organic matter included in the waste lithium-ion battery; a crusher that crushes the waste lithium-ion battery that has been heat-treated by the heater; and a roaster that heat-treats the waste lithium-ion battery that has been crushed by the crusher at a heating temperature that is higher than or equal to 400° C. in a reducing atmosphere or a low-oxygen atmosphere, wherein the heater is a grate preheater that heat-treats the waste lithium-ion battery while transporting the waste lithium-ion battery in one direction, the crusher is at an outlet of the grate preheater and is a crusher-classifier that sorts out a cathode active material by separating the cathode active material from a cathode current collector of the waste lithium-ion battery that has been heat-treated by the heater, while crushing the waste lithium-ion battery, the roaster is a rotary kiln including a cylindrical body that rotates about a center axis of the cylindrical body and with an internal atmosphere that is the reducing atmosphere or the low-oxygen atmosphere, an outer wall of the cylindrical body being heated, and the roaster: receives, through a receiving inlet of the rotary kiln, the waste lithium-ion battery that has been crushed by the crusher, the receiving inlet being at one end of the cylindrical body in a direction of the center axis of the cylindrical body; transports, inside the cylindrical body toward a discharging outlet by rotating the cylindrical body, the waste lithium-ion battery that has been received through the receiving inlet, the discharging outlet being at another end of the cylindrical body in the direction of the center axis of the cylindrical body; and discharges the waste lithium-ion battery through the discharging outlet.
3. The system for processing a waste lithium-ion battery according to claim 2 , wherein the roaster heat-treats the waste lithium-ion battery that has been crushed by the crusher at a heating temperature that is higher than or equal to 400° C. and lower than 660° C.
4. The system for processing a waste lithium-ion battery according to claim 2 , the system further comprising:
a classifier that sorts out a cathode active material by separating the cathode active material from a cathode current collector of the waste lithium-ion battery that has been crushed by the crusher; wherein
the roaster heat-treats the cathode active material that has been sorted out by the classifier at a heating temperature of higher than or equal to 500° C.
5. The system for processing a waste lithium-ion battery according to claim 2 , wherein
the crusher is a crusher-classifier that sorts out a cathode active material by separating the cathode active material from a cathode current collector of the waste lithium-ion battery that has been heat-treated by the heater, while crushing the waste lithium-ion battery.
6. The system for processing a waste lithium-ion battery according to claim 4 , wherein the roaster:
heat-treats the cathode active material in the reducing atmosphere in a case where the waste lithium-ion battery contains lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese in the cathode active material; and
heat-treats the cathode active material in the low-oxygen atmosphere in a case where the waste lithium-ion battery contains lithium, iron, and phosphorus in the cathode active material.