Methods and microorganisms for making 1,4-butanediol and derivatives thereof from C1 carbons
Genetically modified microorganisms that have the ability to convert carbon substrates into chemical products such as 1,4-BDO are disclosed. For example, genetically modified methanotrophs that are capable of generating 1,4-BDO at high titers from a methane source are disclosed. Methods of making these genetically modified microorganisms and methods of using them are also disclosed.
1. A genetically modified methanotroph capable of converting a single carbon-containing hydrocarbon molecule to 1,4-butanediol, the genetically modified methanotroph comprising heterologous genes encoding:
(a) an α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, and 7;
(b) a 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 11 or 13;
(c) a 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA transferase comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 15, 17, and 19;
(d) an aldehyde dehydrogenase comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, and 35; and
(e) an alcohol dehydrogenase comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, and 35.
2. The genetically modified methanotroph of claim 1 , further comprising a gene encoding fumarate hydratase or fumarate reductase.
3. The genetically modified methanotroph of claim 1 , wherein the genetically modified methanotroph is a Methylococcus.
4. The genetically modified methanotroph of claim 1 , wherein at least one heterologous gene is overexpressed.
5. A vector encoding:
(a) an α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, and 7;
(b) a 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 11 or 13;
(c) a 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA transferase comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 15, 17, and 19;
(d) an aldehyde dehydrogenase comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, and 35; and
(e) an alcohol dehydrogenase comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, and 35.
6. A method of making the genetically modified methanotroph of claim 1 , the method comprising contacting a methanotroph with a nucleic acid encoding:
(a) an α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, and 7;
(b) a 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 11 and 13;
(c) a 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA transferase comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 15, 17, and 19;
(d) an aldehyde dehydrogenase comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, and 35; and
(e) an alcohol dehydrogenase comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, and 35.
7. A method of making 1,4-butanediol, the method comprising:
(a) contacting a single carbon-containing hydrocarbon molecule with the genetically modified methanotroph of claim 1 ; and
(b) growing the methanotroph to produce the 1,4-butanediol.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the single carbon-containing hydrocarbon molecule is methane.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the methanotroph is grown in the presence of exogenous gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), exogenous α-ketoglutarate, and/or exogenous succinate.
10. The method of claim 7 , further comprising contacting the 1,4-butanediol with a catalyst.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein tetrahydrofuran is formed after 1,4-butanediol is contacted with the catalyst.
12. The method of claim 7 , further comprising contacting the 1,4-butanediol with a dicarboxylic acid/anhydride.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein a polyurethane is formed after the 1,4-butanediol is contacted with the dicarboxylic acid/anhydride.
14. The method of claim 10 , further comprising transesterifying the 1,4-butanediol.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein polybutylene terephthalate is formed after the 1,4-butanediol is transesterified.
16. The genetically modified methanotroph of claim 1 , wherein: (a) the α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, and 7; (b) the 4-hydroxybutyrate comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 11 or 13; (c) the 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA transferase comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 15, 17, and 19; (d) the aldehyde dehydrogenase comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, and 35; and (e) the alcohol dehydrogenase comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, and 35.
17. The genetically modified methanotroph of claim 1 , wherein: (a) the α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, and 7; (b) the 4-hydroxybutyrate comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 or 13; (c) the 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA transferase comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 15, 17, and 19; (d) the aldehyde dehydrogenase comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, and 35; and (e) the alcohol dehydrogenase comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, and 35.
18. The genetically modified methanotroph of claim 1 , wherein: (a) the α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1; (b) the 4-hydroxybutyrate comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 13; (c) the 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA transferase comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 15; (d) the aldehyde dehydrogenase comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 21; and (e) the alcohol dehydrogenase comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 33.
19. The genetically modified methanotroph of claim 1 , wherein: (a) the α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1; (b) the 4-hydroxybutyrate comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 13; (c) the 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA transferase comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 15; (d) the aldehyde dehydrogenase comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 21; and (e) the alcohol dehydrogenase comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 33.
20. The genetically modified methanotroph of claim 1 , wherein: (a) the α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; (b) the 4-hydroxybutyrate comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13; (c) the 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA transferase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15; (d) the aldehyde dehydrogenase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21; and (e) the alcohol dehydrogenase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33.