Hydrogen gas production systems and related electrolysis cells

1. A hydrogen gas production system, comprising:

a source of liquid water;

a steam generator configured and positioned to receive a liquid water stream from the source of liquid water and to generate a gaseous water stream therefrom; and

an electrolysis apparatus in fluid communication with the steam generator, and comprising:

a housing structure configured and positioned to receive the gaseous water stream from the steam generator; and

an electrolysis cell within an internal chamber of the housing structure, and comprising:

a positive electrode comprising a M 2 NiO 4−δ material, wherein M is La, Pr, Gd or Sm, a composite material comprising Sm 1-x Sr x CoO 3−δ and BZCYYb, or any combination thereof;

a negative electrode; and

a proton-conducting membrane between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and comprising an electrolyte material having an ionic conductivity greater than or equal to about 10 −2 S/cm at one or more temperatures within a range of from about 150° ° C. to about 650° C., the electrolyte material comprising yttrium- and ytterbium-doped barium-zirconate-cerate (BZCYYb) of the composition BaZr 0.8-y Ce y Y 0.2-x Yb x O 3−δ , yttrium- and ytterbium-doped barium-strontium-niobate (BSNYYb) of the composition Ba 3 (Sr 1-x Nb 2-y Y x Yb y )O 9−δ , or any combination thereof,

wherein x and y are dopant levels and δ is oxygen deficit.

2. The hydrogen gas production system of claim 1 , wherein the housing structure and the electrolysis cell are configured and positioned to expose the positive electrode of the electrolysis cell to the gaseous water stream without exposing the negative electrode to the gaseous water stream.

3. The hydrogen gas production system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one heating apparatus operatively associated with the electrolysis apparatus and configured to heat the gaseous water stream to a temperature within the range of from about 150° C. to about 650° C.

4. The hydrogen gas production system of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte material of the proton-conducting membrane comprises the yttrium- and ytterbium-doped barium-zirconate-cerate (BZCYYb) of the composition BaZr 0.8-y Ce y Y 0.2-x Yb x O 3−δ .

5. The hydrogen gas production system of claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are formulated to remain substantially adhered to the proton-conducting membrane at current densities greater than or equal to about 0.1 A/cm 2 .

6. An electrolysis cell, comprising:

a positive electrode comprising a MBa 1-x Sr x Co 2-y Fe y O 5+δ material, wherein M is Pr, Nd or Sm, a M 2 NiO 4−δ material, wherein M is La, Pr, Gd or Sm, a composite material comprising Sm 1-x Sr x CoO 3−δ and BZCYYb, or any combination thereof;

a negative electrode; and

a proton-conducting membrane between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and comprising an electrolyte material having an ionic conductivity greater than or equal to about 10 −2 S/cm at one or more temperatures within a range of from about 150° C. to about 650° C., the electrolyte material of the proton-conducting membrane comprising a yttrium- and ytterbium-doped barium-zirconate-cerate (BZCYYb) material, a yttrium- and ytterbium-doped barium-strontium-niobate (BSNYYb) material, or any combination thereof,

wherein x and y are dopant levels and δ is oxygen deficit.

7. The electrolysis cell of claim 6 , wherein:

the yttrium- and ytterbium-doped barium-zirconate-cerate (BZCYYb) material comprises BaZr 0.8-y Ce y Y 0.2-x Yb x O 3−δ ; and

the yttrium- and ytterbium-doped barium-strontium-niobate (BSNYYb) material comprises Ba 3 (Sr 1-x Nb 2-y Y x Yb y )O 9−δ .

8. The electrolysis cell of claim 6 , wherein the electrolyte material of the proton-conducting membrane comprises a stack comprising:

one or more of the BZCYYb; and

at least one additional perovskite material.

9. The electrolysis cell of claim 6 , wherein the proton-conducting membrane comprises the BZCYYb material.

10. The electrolysis cell of claim 6 , wherein the proton-conducting membrane comprises the BSNYYb material.

11. The electrolysis cell of claim 6 , wherein the proton-conducting membrane has a thickness within a range of from about 5 μm to about 1000 μm.

12. The electrolysis cell of claim 6 , wherein:

the negative electrode comprises a cermet material comprising at least one metal and at least one perovskite.

13. A hydrogen gas production system, comprising:

a steam generator; and

an electrolysis apparatus in fluid communication with the steam generator, and comprising:

a housing structure; and

an electrolysis cell within an internal chamber of the housing structure, and comprising:

a positive electrode comprising a MBa 1-x Sr x Co 2-y Fe y O 5+δ material, wherein M is Pr, Nd or Sm;

a negative electrode; and

a proton-conducting membrane between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and including a perovskite material comprising yttrium- and ytterbium-doped barium-zirconate-cerate (BZCYYb) of the composition BaZr 0.8-y Ce y Y 0.2-x Yb x O 3−δ , yttrium- and ytterbium-doped barium-strontium-niobate (BSNYYb) of the composition Ba 3 (Sr 1-x Nb 2-y Y x Yb y )O 9−δ , or any combination thereof,

wherein x and y are dopant levels and δ is oxygen deficit.

14. The hydrogen gas production system of claim 13 , wherein the perovskite material of the proton-conducting membrane comprises BaZr 0.3 Ce 0.5 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3−δ .

15. The hydrogen gas production system of claim 13 , wherein the proton-conducting membrane of the electrolysis cell is substantially homogeneous.

16. The hydrogen gas production system of claim 13 , wherein the MBa 1-x Sr x Co 2-y Fe y O 5+δ material of the positive electrode comprises PrBa 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 1.5 Fe 0.5 O 5+δ , NdBa 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 1.5 Fe 0.5 O 5+δ , SmBa 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 1.5 Fe 0.5 O 5+δ , or any combination thereof.

17. The hydrogen gas production system of claim 13 , wherein the negative electrode comprises a cermet material comprising Ni and one of more of BZCYYb, BSNYYb, Ba 2 (YSn)O 5.5 , and Ba 3 (CaNb 2 )O 9 .