Intravascular lithotripsy system and device
Various embodiments of the systems, methods and devices are provided for breaking up calcified lesions in an anatomical conduit. More specifically, an electrical arc is generated between two spaced-apart electrodes disposed within a fluid-filled balloon, creating a subsonic pressure wave. In some embodiments, the electrodes comprise a plurality of points that allow the electrical arc to form at any one of the plurality of points to, among other things, extend the electrode life.
1. A balloon catheter comprising:
an elongated carrier;
an angioplasty balloon comprising a material and disposed near a distal end of the elongated catheter, wherein a distal end of the angioplasty balloon is sealed against the elongated catheter, the angioplasty balloon defining an interior region;
a plurality of pairs of electrodes, each pair comprising a proximal electrode and a distal electrode, wherein the distal electrode in each pair of electrodes is spaced axially from the proximal electrode, each of the proximal electrode and the distal electrode comprising a front surface,
wherein the proximal electrode and the distal electrode of each pair of electrodes each comprise a plurality of spaced-apart extensions extending away from the front surface, wherein each one of the plurality of spaced-apart extensions of the proximal electrode is pointed toward, and substantially aligned with, one of the plurality of the spaced-apart extensions of the distal electrode; and
a pulse generator in operative electrical communication with each of the at least one of the proximal electrode and the distal electrode in each pair of electrodes of the plurality of pairs of electrodes, configured to apply voltage pulses to any one of the proximal electrode and the distal electrode in the plurality of pairs of electrodes,
wherein in the pulse generator is in operative communication with a processor comprising programmed instructions configured to initiate and control each applied voltage pulse.
2. The balloon catheter of claim 1 , wherein each one of the plurality of spaced-apart extensions of the proximal electrode that is substantially aligned with one of the plurality of the spaced-apart extensions of the distal electrodes comprises a spark gap.
3. The balloon catheter of claim 2 , wherein each pair of electrodes comprises a plurality of spark gaps.
4. The balloon catheter of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of spark gaps each comprise a substantially equivalent length.
5. The balloon catheter of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of spark gaps comprise different lengths.
6. The balloon catheter of claim 1 , wherein the programmed instructions are configured to instruct a voltage magnitude that is the same for each voltage pulse.
7. The balloon catheter of claim 1 , wherein the programmed instructions are configured to instruct voltage magnitudes that are not the same for each voltage pulse.
8. The balloon catheter of claim 1 , wherein the programmed instructions instruct substantially simultaneous initiation of voltage pulses to at least two of the plurality of pairs of electrodes.
9. The balloon catheter of claim 1 , wherein the programmed instructions instruct non-simultaneous initiation of voltage pulses to at least two of the pairs of electrodes in the plurality of electrode pairs.
10. The balloon catheter of claim 1 , wherein the programmed instructions are configured to maintain an equal duration for each voltage pulse.
11. The balloon catheter of claim 1 , wherein the programmed instructions are configured to maintain non-equal durations for at least two voltage pulses.
12. The balloon catheter of claim 1 , wherein at least two electrode pairs in the plurality of electrode pairs are connected in series.
13. The balloon catheter of claim 1 , wherein at least two electrode pairs in the plurality of subsonic wave generators are connected in parallel.
14. A pair of spaced-apart electrodes configured for operative attachment to a tubular elongated member, each electrode in the pair of spaced-apart electrodes comprising:
a body portion configured to wrap partially around the tubular elongated member and comprising:
a front surface and a rear surface; and
two spaced-apart ends defining a channel extending longitudinally from the front surface to the rear surface, the channel configured to receive a conducting wire,
wherein the pair of spaced-apart electrodes comprises a proximal electrode and a distal electrode each of the proximal electrode and distal electrode comprising a plurality of spaced-apart extensions extending away from the front surface, wherein each one of the plurality of spaced-apart extensions of the proximal electrode is pointed toward, spaced a distance from, and substantially aligned with, one of the plurality of the spaced-apart extensions of the distal electrode.
15. The pair of spaced-apart electrodes of claim 14 , wherein the distance between each of the substantially aligned spaced-apart extensions of the proximal and distal electrodes comprise a spark gap.
16. The pair of spaced-apart electrodes of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of spaced-apart extensions are arranged circumferentially around at least part of the front surface of the first proximal ring electrode.
17. The pair of spaced-apart electrodes of claim 16 , wherein each of the plurality of spaced-apart extensions terminates in a distal point.
18. The pair of spaced-apart electrodes of claim 14 , wherein each of the plurality of spaced-apart extensions is tapered.
19. The pair of spaced-apart electrodes of claim 14 , wherein the rear surface is substantially flat.