Transition-based, nonlinear equalization for optical transmission
An optical or an optoelectronic device and methods are provided for data transmission across two interconnects. First, an electrical signal is obtained from an interconnect. Next, the electrical signal is modulated. Within the modulated electrical signal, an occurrence of a transition is determined, in which a change in a power of the electrical signal by more than a threshold amount. In response to the determination of the occurrence of the transition, coefficients indicative of respective amounts of compensation to resolve or mitigate nonlinearities associated with the transition are determined. According to the coefficients, a filter is applied in a vicinity of the transition to obtain a modified electrical signal. The modified electrical signal is converted into an optical signal and coupled to a fiber to transmit the optical signal to a destination at a second interconnect.
1. A computer-implemented method of transmission between interconnects using an optical or an optoelectronic device, comprising:
filtering a modulated electrical signal received from a first interconnect, the filtering comprising:
determining an occurrence of a transition comprising a change in a power of a modulated electrical signal by more than a threshold amount;
in response to the determination of the occurrence of the transition,
determining coefficients indicative of respective amounts of compensation to resolve or mitigate nonlinearities associated with the transition;
according to the coefficients, applying a filter in a vicinity of the transition to obtain a modified electrical signal;
converting the modified electrical signal into an optical signal;
transmitting the optical signal across a fiber associated with the optical or the optoelectronic device to a second interconnect.
2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , further comprising:
in response to determining an occurrence of a transition, determining whether the change in the power comprises an increase or a decrease in the power; and wherein:
the determination of the coefficients is based on the determination of whether the change in the power comprises an increase or a decrease in the power.
3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , wherein the determination of the coefficients further comprises:
in response to determining that the transition comprises an increase in the power, determining a first set of coefficients to resolve an overshoot associated with the increase in the power and a second set of coefficients to resolve a tail region subsequent to the overshoot.
4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , wherein the determination of the coefficients further comprises:
in response to determining that the transition comprises a decrease in the power, determining a third set of coefficients to resolve an undershoot associated with the decrease in the power and a fourth set of coefficients to resolve a tail region subsequent to the undershoot.
5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the vicinity consists of two time intervals preceding or following a local maximum or a local minimum associated with the transition, wherein the two time intervals are determined respective to a sampling frequency of the electrical signal.
6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the determination of an occurrence of a transition is based on five consecutive 2-bit codes corresponding to five respective consecutive time periods.
7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the filter comprises a digital-to-analog conversion (DAC)-based filter.
8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , further comprising:
applying a scaling factor to the electrical signal based on a range of the DAC-based filter prior to the application of the filter, wherein the application of the filter occurs at a mixer.
9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein steady state power levels of the modified electrical signal are maintained with respect to the modulated electrical signal.
10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the optical or the optoelectronic device comprises a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL).
11. An optical or an optoelectronic device, comprising:
a driver comprising one or more processors;
a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
filtering a modulated electrical signal received from a first interconnect, the filtering comprising:
determining an occurrence of a transition comprising a change in a power of the electrical signal by more than a threshold amount;
in response to the determination of the occurrence of the transition, determining coefficients indicative of respective amounts of compensation to resolve or mitigate nonlinearities associated with the transition;
according to the coefficients, applying a filter in a vicinity of the transition to obtain a modified electrical signal; and
a diode to convert the modified electrical signal into an optical signal.
12. The optical or the optoelectronic device of claim 11 , wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
in response to determining an occurrence of a transition, determining whether the change in the power comprises an increase or a decrease in the power, and wherein:
the determination of the coefficients is based on the determination of whether the change in the power comprises an increase or a decrease in the power.
13. The optical or the optoelectronic device of claim 12 , wherein the determination of the coefficients further comprises:
in response to determining that the transition comprises an increase in the power, determining a first set of coefficients to resolve an overshoot associated with the increase in the power and a second set of coefficients to resolve a tail region subsequent to the overshoot.
14. The optical or the optoelectronic device of claim 12 , wherein the determination of the coefficients further comprises:
in response to determining that the transition comprises a decrease in the power, determining a third set of coefficients to resolve an undershoot associated with the decrease in the power and a fourth set of coefficients to resolve a tail region subsequent to the undershoot.
15. The optical or the optoelectronic device of claim 11 , wherein the vicinity consists of two time intervals preceding or following a local maximum or a local minimum associated with the transition, wherein the two time intervals are determined respective to a sampling frequency of the electrical signal.
16. The optical or the optoelectronic device of claim 11 , wherein the determination of an occurrence of a transition is based on five consecutive 2-bit codes corresponding to five respective consecutive time periods.
17. The optical or the optoelectronic device of claim 11 , wherein the filter comprises a digital-to-analog conversion (DAC)-based filter.
18. The optical or the optoelectronic device of claim 11 , wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
apply a scaling factor to the electrical signal based on a range of the DAC-based filter prior to the application of the filter; and the driver further comprises a mixer at which the filter is applied.
19. The optical or the optoelectronic device of claim 11 , wherein steady state power levels of the modified electrical signal are maintained with respect to the modulated electrical signal.
20. The optical or the optoelectronic device of claim 11 , wherein the optical or the optoelectronic device comprises a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL).