Distributed control adaptive wireless power transfer system
A wireless power transfer system includes a transmitter configured to transmit power to a receiver, for example, through coupled resonators. The transmitter receives feedback from the receiver, and uses the feedback to control the power transmission, to control a parameter at the receiver, for example, a rectified voltage output by the receiver. The feedback to the transmitter may be provided, for example, by an out-of-band radio system between the transmitter and receiver, by a reflection coefficient at the transmitter, and/or by an encoded modulation of power in the receiver, for example, in an impedance matching module. The transmitter may control the transmitted power, for example, by controlling a transmitter signal generator voltage (V SIG ), a transmitter gate driver voltage (V GD ), a transmitter amplifier voltage (V PA ), and/or an impedance setting in a transmitter impedance matching module.
1. A wireless power transfer system comprising:
a power transmitter comprising a transmitter controller in signal communication with a power amplifier and a transmitter-side impedance matching module, wherein the transmitter-side impedance matching module is configured to transfer power from the power amplifier to a transmit resonator; and
a power receiver comprising a receiver controller in signal communication with a receiver-side impedance matching module and a rectifier that outputs a rectified voltage, wherein the receiver-side impedance matching module is configured to transfer power from a receive resonator to the rectifier;
wherein the transmitter controller is configured to receive feedback from the power receiver indicating a state of the power receiver, and to use the received feedback to adjust a parameter of the power transmitter to produce a target rectified voltage at the rectifier,
wherein the power transmitter further comprises:
a detection sensor that detects a reflection signal in the transmitter, wherein the detection sensor comprises a directional coupler and a radio frequency (RF) detector, wherein the RF detector is configured for determining a magnitude of a ratio of a forward signal to a reflected signal and a phase of the reflection signal in the transmitter, wherein the reflection signal indicates the state of the power receiver, and wherein both the magnitude and the phase of the reflection signal of the RF detector are fed to the transmitter controller,
a digital potentiometer configured for receiving a digital command from the transmitter controller, and
a DC-DC converter configured for receiving an input from the digital potentiometer and, in response to the input from the digital potentiometer, configured to change a power supply voltage provided to the power amplifier.
2. The wireless power transfer system of claim 1 , wherein the power receiver does not have a voltage regulator component.
3. The wireless power transfer system of claim 1 , wherein the power transmitter further comprises a first radio in signal communication with the transmitter controller and the power receiver further comprises a second radio in signal communication with the receiver controller, wherein the feedback received by the transmitter from the receiver is transmitted from the second radio to the first radio.
4. The wireless power transfer system of claim 3 , wherein the feedback received by the transmitter comprises the rectified voltage.
5. The wireless power transfer system of claim 1 , wherein the reflection signal comprises a voltage reflection coefficient, S11.
6. The wireless power transfer system of claim 5 , wherein the directional coupler detects the voltage reflection coefficient, S11.
7. The wireless power transfer system of claim 1 , wherein the receiver controller is configured to monitor a parameter of the power receiver and to modulate the receiver-side impedance matching module to encode the monitored parameter, and further wherein the transmitter controller is configured to monitor a signal generated by the modulation of the receiver-side impedance matching module and to decode the encoded parameter, wherein the encoded parameter comprises the received feedback.
8. The wireless power transfer system of claim 7 , wherein the monitored parameter is the rectified voltage.
9. The wireless power transfer system of claim 1 , wherein the power transmitter further comprises a sensor to detect a human presence, the sensor being in signal communication with the transmitter controller, and wherein the transmitter controller is configured to stop or reduce power transmission in response to a signal from the sensor.
10. The wireless power transfer system of claim 1 , wherein the transmitter controller is configured to control the transmitter-side impedance matching module to produce the target rectifier voltage from the rectifier.
11. A method of wireless power transmission comprising:
in a transmitter, generating an alternating current with a power amplifier, and using the alternating current to energize a transmit resonator;
in a receiver, receiving power from the transmit resonator with a receive resonator that is coupled to the transmit resonator, and generating a rectified voltage for a load;
providing feedback from the receiver to the transmitter that indicates the rectified voltage; and
using the feedback to adjust the transmitter such that the rectified voltage is maintained at a predetermined value,
wherein the transmitter further comprises:
a detection sensor, the detection sensor comprising a directional coupler that directly detects changes in the receiver and a radio frequency (RF) detector, wherein the RF detector is configured for determining a magnitude of a ratio of a forward signal to a reflected signal and a phase of a reflection signal in the transmitter, the feedback comprises the reflection signal detected by said detection sensor, and wherein both the magnitude and the phase of the reflection signal of the RF detector are fed to the transmitter controller,
a digital potentiometer configured for receiving a digital command from the transmitter controller, and
a DC-DC converter configured for receiving an input from the digital potentiometer and, in response to the input from the digital potentiometer, configured to change a power supply voltage provided to the power amplifier.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising providing a first impedance matching module between the power amplifier and the transmit resonator, and a second impedance matching module between the rectifier and the receive resonator.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the transmitter further comprises a first radio, and the receiver further comprises a second radio, wherein the feedback from the receiver to the transmitter is communicated between the first and second radios.