PHOTOSENSITIZER COMBINATION
Methods for making disinfecting compositions based on phototherapy, systems for use in disinfecting with a combination of photosensitizers, and the disinfecting compositions themselves, are described. Concentrations of the photosensitizers can be based on the particular light source and the wavebands or fluence rates emitted by the light source for maximum singlet oxygen generation. Concentrations of the photosensitizers can also be based on the quantum yield of the photosensitizers.
1 . A disinfection system, comprising:
a light source that emits different wavebands of light at different fluence rates; and
an article incorporating a composition inside or on a surface of the article being exposed to the light source, wherein the composition includes a combination of at least two photosensitizers, wherein each of the at least two photosensitizers absorbs light of a different waveband emitted from the light source, and the photosensitizer that absorbs the light waveband having the highest fluence rate has a highest concentration in the composition.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the photosensitizer that absorbs the light waveband having the lowest fluence rate has a lowest concentration in the composition.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises one or more photosensitizers in addition to the photosensitizer that absorbs the light waveband having the highest fluence rate, and the one or more photosensitizers have a concentration equal to or less than the photosensitizer that absorbs the light waveband having the highest fluence rate.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least two photosensitizers is associated with a quantum yield, and the photosensitizer with the highest concentration in the composition is based on the fluence rates of the light wavebands absorbed by the photosensitizers and the quantum yields of the photosensitizers.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises more than one photosensitizers that each absorb light of a different waveband, and the concentrations of the more than one photosensitizers from higher to lower is in the order of higher to lower fluence rates of the wavebands absorbed by the more than one photosensitizers.
6 . The system of claim 5 , having three different photosensitizers.
7 . The system of claim 5 , having four different photosensitizers.
8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least two photosensitizers are selected from the group consisting of methylene blue derivatives, methylene blue, xanthene dyes, xanthene dye derivatives, chlorophyll derivatives, tetrapyrrole structures, porphyrins, chlorins, bacteriochlorins, phthalocyanines, texaphyrins, prodrugs, aminolevulinic acids, phenothiaziniums, squaraine, boron compounds, transition metal complexes, hypericin, riboflavin, curcumin, titanium dioxide, psoralens, tetracyclines, flavins, riboflavin, riboflavin derivatives, erythrosine, erythrosine derivatives, indocyanine green, and rose bengal.
9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of each photosensitizer in the composition is from 0.01 μM to 1,000 μM.
10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the light source includes an artificial light source or sunlight.
11 . A composition, comprising:
at least two photosensitizers selected from the group consisting of methylene blue, riboflavin, erythrosine, rose bengal, and indocyanine green.
12 . The composition of claim 11 , wherein the composition is a solution including water, saline, or an alcohol.
13 . The composition of claim 11 , wherein a concentration of each photosensitizer in the composition is from 0.01 μM to 1,000 μM.
14 . The composition of claim 11 , wherein a concentration of each photosensitizer in the composition is from 0.1 μM to 1,000 μM.
15 . The composition of claim 11 , wherein a concentration of each photosensitizer in the composition is from 1 μM to 1,000 μM.
16 . The composition of claim 11 , wherein a concentration of each photosensitizer in the composition is from 10 μM to 1,000 μM.
17 . The composition of claim 11 , wherein a concentration of each photosensitizer in the composition is from 100 μM to 1,000 μM.
18 . The composition of claim 11 , comprising at least three photosensitizers selected from the group consisting of methylene blue, riboflavin, erythrosine, rose bengal, and indocyanine green.
19 . A method for making a composition including two or more photosensitizers, comprising:
obtaining a baseline antimicrobial efficacy of a baseline composition including a single photosensitizer at a given concentration and given light parameters including illumination time, fluence rate, and lux;
making a combination composition including the single photosensitizer and one or more photosensitizers;
testing the combination composition for antimicrobial efficacy under one of the conditions:
a total concentration of photosensitizers of the combination composition is less than the given concentration of the baseline composition;
an illumination time is less than the illumination time of the baseline composition;
a fluence rate is less than the fluence rate of the baseline composition; and
a lux is less than the lux of the baseline composition.
20 . The method of claim 19 , further comprising, when the antimicrobial efficacy of the combination composition tests less than the baseline antimicrobial efficacy, replacing a photosensitizer other than the single photosensitizer with a different photosensitizer, and retesting the combination composition for antimicrobial efficacy under one of the following conditions:
a total concentration of photosensitizers of the combination composition is less than the given concentration of the baseline composition;
an illumination time is less than the illumination time of the baseline composition;
a fluence rate is less than the fluence rate of the baseline composition; and
a lux is less than the lux of the baseline composition
21 . The method of claim 19 , further comprising, when the antimicrobial efficacy of the combination composition tests greater than the baseline antimicrobial efficacy, making the combination composition into a disinfecting composition.
22 . A disinfection system, comprising:
a light source that emits different wavebands of light at different fluence rates; and
an article incorporating a composition inside or on a surface of the article being exposed to the light source, wherein the composition includes a combination of at least two photosensitizers, wherein each of the at least two photosensitizers absorbs light of a different waveband emitted from the light source.
23 . The disinfection system of claim 22 , wherein the light source is a white light source.
24 . The disinfection system of claim 22 , wherein the light source is an LED emitting light in a blue waveband, yellow-green wavebands, and red waveband, wherein the red waveband has a lowest fluence rate compared to the blue waveband and the yellow-green wavebands.