Scalable floating micro-aeration unit, devices and methods
Disclosed are floating micro-aeration unit (FMU) devices, systems and methods for biological sulfide removal from water/wastewater bodies and streams. In some aspects, a system includes a manifold structure including one or more opening to flow air out of an interior of the manifold structure; one or more support structures connected to the manifold structure, in which the one or more support structures are floatable on a surface of a fluid that includes water or a wastewater; and an air source that flows air to the manifold structure, such that the manifold structure supplies the air containing a predetermined amount of oxygen (e.g., less than 0.1 mg/L of oxygen) to oxidize sulfide of the fluid.
1. A device for sulfide removal from water or wastewater, comprising:
a manifold structure including a plurality of openings to flow air out of an interior of the manifold structure;
one or more support structures connected to the manifold structure, wherein the one or more support structures are configured to float the manifold structure on a surface of a fluid, which is a water or wastewater, or to partially submerge the manifold structure below the surface of the fluid;
an air source configured to supply air to the manifold structure to be flowed out from the manifold structure through the plurality of openings at the fluid to facilitate sulfide in the fluid to oxidize; and
a support material coupled to the manifold structure to facilitate growth of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria to create a biofilm, wherein the support material includes a plurality of voids such that the support material enables the sulfide-oxidizing bacteria to be in direct contact with the fluid at or below the surface,
wherein the device is configured to expel the air from the plurality of openings of the manifold structure at the fluid to remove sulfide from the fluid by micro-aeration, such that the air supplied by the air source is configured to provide an amount of oxygen gas within a shallow depth of the fluid between 0 cm to 5 cm from a top surface of the fluid, and wherein the amount of the oxygen gas in the air expelled from the device within the shallow depth of the fluid comprises less than 0.1 mg/L of oxygen (O 2 ).
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the support material is disposed on the manifold structure to contact the surface of the fluid on a bottom side of the support material and to be in contact with air on a top side of the support material.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least some voids of the plurality of voids of the support material have a circular shape with a diameter in a range of 1 cm to 2 cm.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least some voids of the plurality of voids of the support material have a rectangular shape with an area in a range of 1 cm 2 to 4 cm 2 .
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device is configured to expel the air from the plurality of openings of the manifold structure (i) above the top surface of the fluid, (ii) within the shallow depth of the fluid, or (iii) both above the top surface of the fluid and within the shallow depth of the fluid.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the manifold structure includes multiple channels for the air to flow out of the interior of the manifold structure.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the manifold structure is configured to have a ring geometry or a polygon geometry.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the air source includes a pump in connection to a tube that supplies air to the manifold structure.
9. The device of claim 8 , further comprising:
a flow meter to control a rate of air flow.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the support material includes at least one of a perforated carbon textile, a plastic mesh, or a perforated foam.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the support material is configured to float on the surface of the fluid.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more support structures is one or more of (i) porous, (ii) biocompatible, or (iii) inert in water.
13. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a container to hold the fluid, wherein the container is interfaced with an inlet line through which the fluid can flow into the container and an outlet line through which, once treated, the fluid can flow out of the container.
14. The device of claim 13 , further comprising:
a lid to at least partially cover the container and define a volume in the container between the manifold structure and the lid that allows for uniform distribution of the air (i) at the top surface of the fluid, (ii) at the shallow depth below the top surface of the fluid, or (iii) both at the top surface and at the shallow depth of the fluid.
15. The device of claim 13 , wherein the device is operable to micro-aerate the fluid in the container by expelling air out of the plurality of openings of the manifold structure to supply the air within the shallow depth of the fluid to convert sulfide in the fluid in the container to elemental sulfur.
16. The device of claim 15 , wherein the device is operable to convert the sulfide in the fluid to the elemental sulfur without conversion of the sulfide to sulfate, thiosulfate, or a combination thereof.
17. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of openings of the manifold structure are structured to provide uniform air distribution through the fluid as the air exits individual openings of the plurality of openings at the fluid.
18. The device of claim 1 , wherein the manifold structure, the one or more support structures, the air source, and the support material are configured as a single unit.
19. The device of claim 1 , wherein the support material is able to facilitate creation of the biofilm by the sulfide-oxidizing bacteria to be in direct contact with the fluid and environmental air above the fluid simultaneously.