Electrodeposited platinum-gold alloy
A coating made of platinum-gold alloy is provided, together with a method of its preparation by electrodeposition. The alloy is composed of more than 50 atomic percent platinum. The microstructure of the alloy consists of generally ellipsoidal grains. More than half of the grains have a major axis of 10 nm or less.
1. An article comprising a film of platinum-gold alloy coated onto a substrate, wherein:
the alloy is composed of more than 50 atomic percent platinum;
the alloy has a microstructure composed of generally ellipsoidal grains; and
more than half of the generally ellipsoidal grains have a major axis of 10 nm or less.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the more than half of the generally ellipsoidal grains have a major axis in the range 5-10 nm.
3. The article of claim 1 , wherein the more than half of the generally ellipsoidal grains have a major axis in the range 5-10 nm and an aspect ratio in the range 1.0-2.5, the aspect ratio being defined such that a sphere has an aspect ratio of 1.0 and greater values of the aspect ratio correspond to shapes that are more prolate.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the microstructure of the alloy encompasses a plurality of nanopores, and wherein more than half of the nanopores have maximum dimensions in the range 1-2.5 nm.
5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the alloy has a gold content in the range 5-20 atomic percent.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the alloy is a binary alloy of platinum and gold.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein the film has a thickness in the range 10 nm to 100 μm.
8. The article of claim 1 , wherein the film has a thickness in the range 5-100 μm.
9. The article of claim 1 , wherein the more than half of the generally ellipsoidal grains are composed of a uniform gold-to-platinum atomic ratio.
10. The article of claim 1 , wherein the film has a gold-to-platinum atomic ratio that varies with depth within the film.
11. The article of claim 1 , wherein the film has a gold-to-platinum atomic ratio that varies with depth within the film such that a substantially linear compositional gradient is defined within the film.
12. The article of claim 1 , wherein the alloy contains at most 10 atomic percent of alloyed metallic elements other than platinum and gold.
13. The article of claim 1 , wherein the alloy contains at most 5 atomic percent of alloyed metallic elements other than platinum and gold.
14. The article of claim 1 , wherein the film is electrodeposited from an acidic electroplating bath.
15. The article of claim 1 , wherein the film exhibits less than 3×10 −7 mm 3 /N-m of wear in a reciprocating linear ball-on-flat friction and wear test.
16. The article of claim 1 , wherein the film exhibits a coefficient of friction of about 0.2 or less in a reciprocating linear ball-on-flat friction and wear test.
17. The article of claim 1 , wherein the microstructure of the alloy encompasses a plurality of nanopores, and the nanopores have a volume fraction in the film falling in the range 1% to 10%.
18. The article of claim 1 , wherein the microstructure of the alloy encompasses a plurality of nanopores, the nanopores have a volume fraction in the film falling in the range 1% to 10%, and more than half of the nanopores have maximum dimensions in the range 1-2.5 nm.
19. An article comprising a film of amorphous platinum-gold alloy coated onto a substrate, wherein the alloy is composed of more than 50 atomic percent platinum.
20. An article comprising a film of platinum-gold alloy coated onto a substrate, wherein:
the alloy is composed of more than 50 atomic percent platinum;
the alloy has a microstructure composed of generally ellipsoidal grains; and
more than half of the generally ellipsoidal grains have a major axis of 3 nm or less.