Core magnetization reversal method of skyrmion and data storage device using the method
A core magnetization reversal method includes transforming the first magnetic skyrmion into a skyrmionium by applying a first alternating current (AC) magnetic field to the first magnetic skyrmion, and then transforming the skyrmionium into a second magnetic skyrmion by applying a second AC magnetic field to the skyrmionium. The first magnetic skyrmion may be formed on a hemispherical shell, which may be formed by (i) preparing a membrane having a plurality of protrusions, and (ii) stacking, on the membrane, a first layer including at least one of platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), and palladium (Pd), and a second layer including a ferromagnetic material. The first and second AC magnetic fields may have different frequencies.
1. A core magnetization reversal method, comprising:
transforming a first magnetic skyrmion into a skyrmionium by applying a first alternating current (AC) magnetic field to the first magnetic skyrmion; and
transforming the skyrmionium into a second magnetic skyrmion by applying a second AC magnetic field to the skyrmionium;
wherein the first magnetic skyrmion is formed on a hemispherical shell; and
wherein the hemispherical shell is formed by:
preparing a membrane having a plurality of protrusions; and
stacking, on the membrane, a first layer comprising at least one of platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), and palladium (Pd), and a second layer comprising a ferromagnetic material.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein preparing the membrane of step comprises placing a spherical particle on a porous membrane.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hemispherical shell has a diameter in a range from greater than 0 nm to 100 nm.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a stability of the first magnetic skyrmion is increased when a curvature of the hemispherical shell is increased.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first magnetic skyrmion has a skyrmion number of +1, the second magnetic skyrmion has a skyrmion number of −1, and the skyrmionium has a skyrmion number of 0.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) constant associated with the method is greater than or equal to 0 mJ/m2 and less than or equal to 3.0 mJ/m2.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a magnetic anisotropic constant Ku associated with the method is greater than 0 MJ/m3 and less than or equal to 0.8 MJ/m3.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein, on the hemispherical shell, an effective perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) Keff is expressed as Keff=Ku−½μ0Ms2−Dint/R−Aex/R2, and an effective DMI Deff is expressed as Deff=Dint+2Aex/R, where Ku denotes a PMA constant, Dint denotes a DMI constant, Aex denotes an exchange stiffness, and R denotes a radius of the hemispherical shell.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second AC magnetic fields have different frequencies.
10. A core magnetization reversal method, comprising:
transforming a first magnetic skyrmion into a skyrmionium by applying a first alternating current (AC) magnetic field to the first magnetic skyrmion; and
transforming the skyrmionium into a second magnetic skyrmion by applying a second AC magnetic field to the skyrmionium; and
wherein the first and second AC magnetic fields have a strength in a range from greater than Oe to 1,000 Oe, and have different frequencies in a range from 1 MHz to 99 GHz.
11. A data storage device formed using the method of claim 1 .
12. A core magnetization reversal method, comprising:
transforming the first magnetic skyrmion, which is formed on a hemispherical shell, into a second magnetic skyrmion having different characteristics, by sequentially applying thereto a first alternating current (AC) magnetic field, and then a second AC magnetic field having an unequal frequency relative to the first AC magnetic field; and
wherein the first and second AC magnetic fields have frequencies ranging from 1 MHz to 99 GHz.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the hemispherical shell is formed by:
preparing a membrane having a plurality of protrusions; and
stacking, on the membrane, a first layer comprising at least one of platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), and palladium (Pd), and a second layer comprising a ferromagnetic material.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first magnetic skyrmion has a skyrmion number of +1, and the second magnetic skyrmion has a skyrmion number of −1.