Alkyl dialkoxyalkanoates as bioderived, high cetane diesel fuels
A fuel for an internal combustion engine includes a C 5 to C 30 dialkoxyalkanoate corresponding to formula (I): wherein the R 1 group is —H or a —CH 3 group, the R 2 and R 2 ′ groups are alkyl groups independently selected to have 1 to 9 carbon atoms; and the R 3 group is selected to have 1 to 9 carbon atoms. The compounds described herein may be used as neat fuels or mixed fuels (with diesel, biodiesel, jet fuel, marine fuel or other fuel compounds) in autoignition or spark ignition engines, such as diesel engines, gasoline (spark ignition) engines, MCCI, Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines, or more generally in Low-Temperature Gasoline Combustion (LTGC) engines (using gasoline-like fuels), that have the high-efficiency advantages of HCCI but can operate with some level of charge inhomogeneities. Methods of making these compounds are environmentally friendly and can be done in a continuous manner.
1. A blended fuel for an internal combustion engine comprising:
a fuel selected from the group consisting of: gasoline, diesel, alcohol fuel, biodiesel, jet fuel, marine fuel, Fischer-Tropsch fuel, or combinations thereof; and
a C 5 to C 30 dialkoxyalkanoate compound corresponding to formula (I):
wherein the R 1 group is —H or a —CH 3 group, the R 2 and R 2 ′ groups are alkyl groups selected from the group consisting of: isobutyl, isopentyl, and ethyl; and the R 3 group is selected from the group consisting of: isobutyl, isopentyl, and ethyl; and
wherein the dialkoxyalkanoate is present at 5% to 99.9% of the total blended fuel by liquid volume.
2. The blended fuel of claim 1 , wherein the dialkoxyalkanoate is present in a ratio of 99.9:5 to 51:49 by volume to the fuel.
3. The blended fuel of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is present in a ratio of 99.9:0.1 to 51:49 by volume to the dialkoxyalkanoate.
4. The blended fuel of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is selected from the group consisting of diesel, biodiesel, alcohol, or a combination of these.
5. The blended fuel of claim 1 , wherein an effective of amount of the dialkoxyalkanoate is present to lower a cloud point of the blended fuel 5 to 50° C. lower than the fuel alone.