Cell-permeable succinate compounds
The present invention provides novel cell-permeable succinates and cell permeable precursors of succinate aimed at increasing ATP-production in mitochondria. The main part of ATP produced and utilized in the eukaryotic cell originates from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, a process to which high-energy electrons are provided by the Kreb's cycle. Not all Kreb's cycle intermediates are readily permeable to the cellular membrane, one of them being succinate. The provision of the novel cell permeable succinates is envisaged to allow passage over the cellular membrane and thus the cell permeable succinates can be used to enhance mitochondrial ATP-output.
1. A method for treating a disease selected from the group consisting of metabolic diseases, diseases of mitochondrial dysfunction, diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction, and mitochondrial disorders, or treating drug-induced mitochondrial side-effects, said method comprising administering to a subject a compound of Formula (IA)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
Z is —CH 2 —CH 2 —,
A is —SR, wherein R is
B is selected from the group consisting of —O—R′, —SR′″ and —OH; wherein R′ is selected from the group consisting of:
R′″ is selected from the group consisting of:
R 1 and R 3 are independently different or identical and are selected from the group consisting of H, Me, Et, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, O-acyl, O-alkyl, N-acyl, N-alkyl, Xacyl, CH 2 Xalkyl, CH 2 X-acyl, F, CH 2 COOH, and CH 2 CO 2 alkyl,
X is selected from the group consisting of O, NR 6 , and S,
R 2 is selected from the group consisting of Me, Et, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, C(O)CH 3 , C(O)CH 2 C(O)CH 3 , and C(O)CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 ,
R 6 is selected from the group consisting of H, Me, Et, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, acetyl, acyl, propionyl, benzoyl, formula (II), and formula (VIII),
X 5 is selected from the group consisting of —H, Me, Et, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, —COOH, —C(═O)XR 6 ,
and CONR 1 R 3 ,
X 7 is R 1 or —NR 1 R 3 ,
R 9 is selected from the group consisting of H, Me, Et, and O 2 CCH 2 CH 2 COXR 8 ,
R 10 is selected from the group consisting of Oacyl, NHalkyl, NHacyl, and O 2 CCH 2 CH 2 COX 6 R 8 ,
X 6 is selected from the group consisting of O, NRs, and NR 6 R 8 , wherein R 6 and R 8 are independently different or identical and are selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, Me, Et, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, acetyl, acyl, propionyl, benzoyl, formula (II), and formula (VIII),
R 11 and R 12 are independently different or identical and are selected from the group consisting of H, Me, Et, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, acetyl, propionyl, benzoyl, —CH 2 Xalkyl, and —CH 2 Xacyl, where X is O, NR 6 or S, R e and R d are independently different or identical and are CH 2 Xalkyl or CH 2 Xacyl, where X=O, NR 6 or S,
R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are independently different or identical and are selected from the group consisting of H, Me, Et, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, —COOH, O-acyl, O-alkyl, N-acyl, N-alkyl, Xacyl, and CH 2 Xalkyl, where X=O, NR 6 or S;
substituents on R 13 and R 14 or R 13 and R 15 may bridge to form a cyclic system,
R f , R g and R h are independently different or identical and are selected from the group consisting of Xacyl, —CH 2 Xalkyl, —CH 2 X-acyl and R 9 , where X=O, NR 6 or S,
alkyl is selected from the group consisting of Me, Et, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, and t-butyl,
acyl is selected from the group consisting of formyl, acetyl, propionyl, isopropionyl, butyryl, tert-butyryl, pentanoyl, and benzoyl,
acyl and/or alkyl may be optionally substituted.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the drug-induced mitochondrial side-effects relates to drug interaction with Complex I.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein diseases of mitochondrial dysfunction or disease related to mitochondrial dysfunction involve Complex I, II, III or IV deficiency or an enzyme deficiency.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the diseases of mitochondrial dysfunction or disease related to mitochondrial dysfunction are selected from the group consisting of Alpers Disease (Progressive Infantile Poliodystrophy), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Autism, Barth syndrome (Lethal Infantile Cardiomyopathy), Beta-oxidation Defects, Bioenergetic metabolism deficiency, Carnitine-Acyl-Carnitine Deficiency, Carnitine Deficiency, Creatine Deficiency Syndromes, Cerebral Creatine Deficiency Syndromes (CCDS), Guanidinoaceteate Methyltransferase Deficiency (GAMT Deficiency), L-Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency (AGAT Deficiency), SLC6A8-Related Creatine Transporter Deficiency (SLC6A8 Deficiency), Co-Enzyme Q10 Deficiency, Complex I Deficiency (NADH dehydrogenase deficiency), Complex II Deficiency (Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency), Complex III Deficiency (Ubiquinone-cytochrome c oxidoreductase deficiency), Complex IV Deficiency/COX Deficiency (Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency), Complex V Deficiency (ATP synthase deficiency), COX Deficiency, CPEO (Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia Syndrome), CPT I Deficiency, CPT II Deficiency, Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA or FA), Glutaric Aciduria Type II, KSS (Kearns-Sayre Syndrome), Lactic Acidosis, LCAD (Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency), LCHAD, Leigh Disease or Syndrome (Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy), LHON (Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy), Luft Disease, MCAD (Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency), MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like Episodes), MERRF (Myoclonic Epilepsy and Ragged-Red Fiber Disease), MIRAS (Mitochondrial Recessive Ataxia Syndrome), Mitochondrial Cytopathy, Mitochondrial DNA Depletion, Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Mitochondrial Encephalomyelopathy, Mitochondrial Myopathy, MNGIE (Myoneurogastrointestinal Disorder and Encephalopathy), NARP (Neuropathy, Ataxia, and Retinitis Pigmentosa), Neurodegenerative disorders associated with Parkinson's, Alzheimer's or Huntington's disease, Pearson Syndrome, Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, POLG Mutations, Respiratory Chain Deficiencies, SCAD (Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency), SCHAD, and VLCAD (Very Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency).
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the mitochondrial dysfunction or disease related to mitochondrial dysfunction is selected from the group consisting of Leigh Syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) and MERRF (Myoclonic Epilepsy and Ragged-Red Fiber Disease).
6. The method according to claim 1 having Formula (IA)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
R′ and R′″ are independently different or identical and are:
R 1 and R 3 are independently different or identical and are selected from the group consisting of H, Me, Et, propyl, O-Me, O-Et, and O-propyl,
R 6 is selected from the group consisting of H, Me, and Et,
X 5 is selected from the group consisting of —H, Me, Et, —COOH, —C(═O)XR 6 , and CONR 1 R 3 .
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are independently different or identical and are selected from the group consisting of H, Me, Et, and —COOH.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R′″ is
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein B is —OR′ and R′ is
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R is
and B is —OR′ and R′ is
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein X 5 is H and R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are H.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein B is OH.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R and/or R′″ is
and X 5 is —H.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R and/or R′″ is
and X 5 is COXR 6 .
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R and/or R′″ is
and X 5 is CONR 1 R 3 .
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
17. The method according to claim 10 , wherein X 5 is H; R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are H; and R 1 is methyl.
18. The method according to claim 10 , wherein R f , R g , and R h are H.
19. The method according to claim 17 , wherein R f , R g , and R h are H.