Membrane-contactor-based air conditioner
An air conditioner includes an airflow path configured to direct an airflow in a direction. The air conditioner also includes an evaporative cooling membrane panel disposed within the air flow path and including a face disposed at an oblique angle relative to the direction. The face is defined by microporous fibers of the evaporative cooling membrane panel. Each microporous fiber is configured to receive liquid in a fluid flow path of the microporous fiber such that the air flow over the microporous fiber generates a vapor. Each microporous fiber is also configured to release the vapor into the air flow via pores of the microporous fiber.
1. An air conditioner, comprising:
an air flow path defining an average air flow direction;
a plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels comprising a first group of evaporative cooling membrane panels disposed in the air flow path and arranged in a closed configuration to prevent a substantial portion of an air flow through the air flow path from bypassing the first group of evaporative cooling membrane panels, wherein the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels comprises a second group of evaporative cooling membrane panels disposed in parallel with the first group of evaporative cooling membrane panels relative to a liquid flow, the first group of evaporative cooling membrane panels comprising a first evaporative cooling membrane panel in series with a second evaporative cooling membrane panel relative to the liquid flow, and the second group of evaporative cooling membrane panels comprising a third evaporative cooling membrane panel in series with a fourth evaporative cooling membrane panel relative to the liquid flow; and
wherein the first evaporative cooling membrane panel is arranged in the closed configuration of the first group of evaporative cooling membrane panels such that a face thereof is disposed at an oblique angle relative to the average air flow direction, and wherein the face is defined by a plurality of microporous fibers, each microporous fiber of the plurality of microporous fibers being configured to:
receive liquid in a fluid flow path of the microporous fiber such that the air flow over the microporous fiber generates a vapor; and
release the vapor into the air flow via pores of the microporous fiber.
2. The air conditioner of claim 1 , wherein:
the fluid flow path of each microporous fiber of the plurality of microporous fibers is configured direct the liquid therethrough; and
the pores of each microporous fiber of the plurality of microporous fibers are configured to block passage of the liquid therethrough but allow passage of the vapor therethrough.
3. The air conditioner of claim 1 , wherein the second evaporative cooling membrane panel comprises an additional face defined by an additional plurality of microporous fibers, each additional microporous fiber of the additional plurality of microporous fibers being configured to:
receive the liquid in an additional fluid flow path of the additional microporous fiber such that the air flow over the additional microporous fiber generates an additional vapor; and
release the additional vapor into the air flow via additional pores of the additional microporous fiber.
4. The air conditioner of claim 3 , wherein the second evaporative cooling membrane panel is arranged in the closed configuration of the first group of evaporative cooling membrane panels such that the additional face of the additional evaporative cooling membrane panel is disposed at an additional oblique angle relative to the average air flow direction.
5. The air conditioner of claim 3 , wherein the face of the first evaporative cooling membrane panel is disposed at a third oblique angle relative to the additional face of the second evaporative cooling membrane panel.
6. The air conditioner of claim 3 , wherein the face of the first evaporative cooling membrane panel is parallel with the additional face of the second evaporative cooling membrane panel.
7. The air conditioner of claim 3 , comprising:
a first valve configured to be actuated to a first open position in which the first valve enables a first flow of the liquid flow to the first evaporative cooling membrane panel, and configured to be actuated to a first closed position in which the first valve blocks the first flow of the liquid flow to the first evaporative cooling membrane panel; and
a second valve configured to be actuated to a second open position in which the second valve enables a second flow of the liquid flow to the second evaporative cooling membrane panel, and configured to be actuated to a second closed position in which the second valve blocks the second flow of the liquid flow to the second evaporative cooling membrane panel.
8. The air conditioner of claim 7 , comprising a controller configured to:
actuate the first valve to the first open position and the second valve to the second closed position in a first operating configuration;
actuate that the first valve to the first closed position and the second valve to the second open position in a second operating configuration;
actuate the first valve to the first open position and the second valve to the second open position in a third operating configuration; and
actuate the first valve to the first closed position and the second valve to the second closed position in a fourth operating configuration.
9. The air conditioner of claim 1 , comprising a controller configured to:
control movement of the first evaporative cooling membrane panel to cause an open configuration of the first group of evaporative cooling membrane panels in which a gap is formed in the air flow path, the gap being configured to receive a bypass portion of the air flow such that the bypass portion of the air flow bypasses the first group of evaporative cooling membrane panels; and
control movement of the first evaporative cooling membrane panel to cause the closed configuration of the first group of evaporative cooling membrane panels in which the gap is removed.
10. The air conditioner of claim 1 , comprising a liquid tank having:
a first outlet configured to direct the liquid flow toward the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels;
a first inlet configured to receive the liquid flow after the liquid flow passes through the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels;
a second outlet configured to output a portion of the liquid flow away from the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels; and
a second inlet configured to receive replacement liquid.
11. The air conditioner of claim 1 , wherein the air conditioner does not comprise a mist eliminator.
12. The air conditioner of claim 1 , comprising a screen of the first evaporative cooling membrane panel, wherein the screen is disposed upstream of the face of the first evaporative cooling membrane panel relative to the average air flow direction.
13. The air conditioner of claim 1 , the air flow path defining the average air flow direction such that the average air flow direction is parallel with a line of symmetry of the air flow path.
14. An air conditioner, comprising:
an air flow path defining an average air flow direction and configured to direct an air flow in the average air flow direction;
a plurality of evaporative cooling panels comprising a first group of evaporative cooling panels disposed in the air flow path and arranged in a closed configuration to prevent a substantial portion of the air flow through the air flow path from bypassing the first group of evaporative cooling panels, wherein the plurality of evaporative cooling panels comprises a second group of evaporative cooling panels disposed in parallel with the first group of evaporative cooling panels relative to a fluid flow, the first group of evaporative cooling panels comprising a first evaporative cooling panel in parallel with a second evaporative cooling panel relative to the fluid flow, and the second group of evaporative cooling panels comprising a third evaporative cooling panel in parallel with a fourth evaporative cooling panel relative to the fluid flow;
a membrane of the first evaporative cooling panel, the membrane defined by a plurality of microporous fibers, each microporous fiber of the plurality of microporous fibers comprising a fluid flow path configured direct the fluid flow therethrough and pores configured to block passage of the fluid flow in a liquid form through the pores but allow passage of the fluid flow in a vapor form through the pores; and
a face of the membrane, wherein the first evaporative cooling panel is arranged in the closed configuration of the first group of evaporative cooling panels such that the face is disposed at an oblique angle relative to the average air flow direction and configured to facilitate passage of the air flow over the plurality of microporous fibers, generation of the vapor form from the fluid flow in the microporous fibers based on heat exchange between the fluid flow and the air flow, and release of the vapor form via the pores into the air flow.
15. The air conditioner of claim 14 , wherein the second evaporative cooling panel is arranged in the closed configuration of the first group of evaporative cooling panels such that an additional face of the second evaporator cooling panel is disposed at an additional oblique angle relative to the average air flow direction.
16. The air conditioner of claim 15 , comprising a controller configured to:
control rotational or translational movement of the first evaporative cooling panel, the second evaporative cooling panel, or both to cause an open configuration of the first group of evaporative cooling membrane panels in which a gap is formed between the first evaporative cooling panel and the second evaporative cooling panel, the gap being configured to receive a portion of the air flow such that the portion of the air flow bypasses the first evaporative cooling panel and the second evaporative cooling panel; and
control rotational or translational movement of the first evaporative cooling panel, the second evaporative cooling panel, or both to cause the closed configuration in which the gap is removed.
17. The air conditioner of claim 14 , the air flow path defining the average air flow direction such that the average air flow direction is parallel with a line of symmetry of the air flow path.
18. An evaporative cooling system, comprising:
an air flow path configured to direct an air flow through the evaporative cooling system;
a plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels configured to receive a liquid via a liquid supply line coupled to the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels and output the liquid through a liquid return line coupled to the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels such that the liquid is passed from the liquid supply line, through the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels, and through the liquid return line, wherein each evaporative cooling membrane panel of the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels comprises a plurality of microporous fibers configured to receive the liquid or a portion thereof, generate a vapor from the liquid or the portion thereof, and output the vapor through pores of the plurality of microporous fibers and into the air flow, and wherein the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels comprises:
a first group of evaporative cooling membrane panels having a first evaporative cooling membrane panel and a second evaporative cooling membrane panel disposed in series with the first evaporative cooling membrane panel with respect to a flow of the liquid; and
a second group of evaporative cooling membrane panels having a third evaporative cooling membrane panel and a fourth evaporative cooling membrane panel disposed in series with the third evaporative cooling membrane panel with respect to the flow of the liquid, wherein the first group of evaporative cooling membrane panels and the second group of evaporative cooling membrane panels are in parallel with respect to the flow of the liquid; and
a controller configured to control the evaporative cooling system to circulate the flow of the liquid to the liquid supply line, through the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels, and through the liquid return line.
19. The evaporative cooling system of claim 18 , comprising:
a liquid flow path extending from the liquid return line to the liquid supply line; and
a pump coupled to the liquid flow path, wherein the controller is configured to control the pump to circulate the flow of the liquid to the liquid supply line, through the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels, through the liquid return line, and through the liquid flow path.
20. The evaporative cooling system of claim 18 , comprising:
a valve configured to be controlled by the controller between:
a first position in which an evaporative cooling membrane panel of the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels is activated such that the evaporative cooling membrane panel receives the liquid or the portion thereof; and
a second position in which the evaporative cooling membrane panel of the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels is deactivated such that the evaporative cooling membrane panel does not receive the liquid or the portion thereof.
21. The evaporative cooling system of claim 18 , wherein:
the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels is disposed in the air flow path and arranged in a closed configuration to prevent a substantial portion of the air flow from bypassing the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels; and
the first evaporative cooling membrane panel is arranged in the closed configuration of the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels such that a face of the first evaporative cooling membrane panel is disposed at an oblique angle relative to an average airflow direction of the air flow.
22. An evaporative cooling system, comprising:
an air flow path configured to direct an air flow through the evaporative cooling system;
a plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels configured to receive a liquid via a liquid supply line coupled to the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels and output the liquid through a liquid return line coupled to the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels such that the liquid is passed from the liquid supply line, through the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels, and through the liquid return line, wherein each evaporative cooling membrane panel of the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels comprises a plurality of microporous fibers configured to receive the liquid or a portion thereof, generate a vapor from the liquid or the portion thereof, and output the vapor through pores of the plurality of microporous fibers and into the air flow, and wherein the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels comprises:
a first group of evaporative cooling membrane panels having a first evaporative cooling membrane panel and a second evaporative cooling membrane panel disposed in parallel with the first evaporative cooling membrane panel with respect to a flow of the liquid; and
a second group of evaporative cooling membrane panels having a third evaporative cooling membrane panel and a fourth evaporative cooling membrane panel disposed in parallel with the third evaporative cooling membrane panel with respect to the flow of the liquid, wherein the first group of evaporative cooling membrane panels is in parallel with the second group of evaporative cooling membrane panels with respect to the flow of the liquid; and
a controller configured to control the evaporative cooling system to circulate the flow of the liquid to the liquid supply line, through the plurality of evaporative cooling membrane panels, and through the liquid return line.