Characteristics of meat products
The present disclosure provides methods and compositions useful for the production of slaughter-free meat products, and the characterizations of the same. The slaughter-free meat products contain several points of distinction when compared to conventional meat procured by harvesting the tissue of a dead animal. Such points of distinction include, but are not limited to, significantly reduced or substantially no: steroid hormones, antibiotics, or microbial contamination; lower fat content; no vasculature; and extended shelf life both at room temperature and when refrigerated.
1. A slaughter-free poultry product for dietary consumption exhibiting an extended shelf life, wherein the shelf life is extended for greater than 14 days following harvest compared to conventional meat obtained by slaughter,
wherein the slaughter-free poultry product comprises the following fatty acid classes in the amounts indicated, expressed as % of that class over total fatty acids:
saturated fatty acids content between 10% to 30%;
monounsaturated fatty acids content between 45% to 60%; and
polyunsaturated fatty acids content between 1% to 10%;
wherein the slaughter-free poultry product is produced with a media that is substantially free of serum;
and wherein the extended shelf life of the slaughter-free poultry is due at least in part to the lower total fatty acid content which reduces fatty acid oxidation and to being produced with the media that is substantially free of serum.
2. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 1 , wherein the slaughter-free poultry product exhibits an extended shelf life at 4° C.
3. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 1 , wherein the slaughter-free poultry product exhibits an extended shelf life at 23° C.
4. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 1 , wherein the shelf life is determined by measuring the total microbial count (TC), E. coli /coliforms count (EC), E. coli microbial count, or the coliforms count.
5. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 1 , wherein the shelf life threshold is no more than 1 cfu microbial contamination per g/wet mass.
6. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 1 , wherein the shelf life is determined after harvest, and prior to formulation.
7. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 1 , wherein the shelf life is determined after formulation.
8. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 6 , wherein the shelf life is extended when the meat is harvested under non-aseptic conditions.
9. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 4 , wherein the TC measurement of conventional meat obtained by slaughter is at least 1.5× higher than that of the TC measurement of slaughter-free poultry product.
10. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 1 , wherein the slaughter-free poultry product comprises no more than about 1 μg steroid hormone.
11. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 1 , wherein the slaughter-free poultry product comprises about 50 g to about 90 g by weight of amino acids per 100 g dry mass.
12. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 1 , wherein the slaughter-free poultry product comprises one or more of the following amino acids in the indicated amounts (expressed as g of amino acid/100 g total amino acid): Tryptophan about 1 to about 2.2, Threonine about 4.6 and 6.5, Isoleucine about 3.8 to about 5, Leucine about 6.1 to about 8.9, Lysine about 5.7 to about 8.8, Methionine about 0.14 to about 3.0, Cysteine about 1.5 to about 1.8, Phenylalanine about 3.7 to about 4.8, Tyrosine about 3.0 to about 5.2, Valine about 4.8 to about 6.1, Arginine about 7.0 to about 8.0, Histidine about 2.5 to about 4, Alanine about 5.0 to about 6.3, Aspartic acid about 8.6 to about 10.4, Glutamic acid about 12.5 to about 14.6, Glycine about 4.6 to about 9.8, Proline about 4.6 to about 6.8, Serine about 4.4 to about 5.3, and/or Hydroxyproline about 0.0 to 4.0.
13. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 1 , wherein the slaughter-free poultry product has a moisture content of about 65% to about 95%, wherein the moisture content is measured after harvest, but before formulation.
14. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 1 , wherein the slaughter-free poultry product comprises at least about 0.5 mg Vitamin E/100 g wet mass of the slaughter-free poultry product.
15. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 1 , wherein the slaughter-free poultry product comprises a ratio of about 2:1 to 18:1 omega 6:3 fatty acids classes.
16. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 1 , wherein the slaughter-free poultry product is substantially free of vasculature.
17. The slaughter-free poultry product of claim 1 , wherein the conventional meat is not processed.