Multi-input-multi-output access points having switchable ground elements for improved isolation and related methods
An access point includes a data encoder, a first transmit/receive chain coupled to the data encoder, the first transmit/receive chain including a first radio and a first antenna that are configured to transmit RF signals in a first frequency band, a second transmit/receive chain coupled to the data encoder, the second transmit/receive chain including a second radio and a second antenna that are configured to transmit RF signals in the first frequency band, and a switchable ground element that comprises a conductive member that is connected to a ground reference via a switch. The first antenna is separated from the second antenna by a distance that is less than one wavelength of a center frequency of the first operational frequency band.
1. A communication method, comprising:
providing an access point that includes:
a data encoder;
a first transmit/receive chain that is coupled to the data encoder, the first transmit/receive chain including a first antenna that is configured to operate in a first frequency band;
a second transmit/receive chain that is coupled to the data encoder, the second transmit/receive chain including a second antenna that is configured to operate in the first frequency band; and
a switchable ground element that includes a conductive member that is connected to a ground reference via a switch;
selecting an antenna pattern for the first antenna from a plurality of antenna patterns, wherein the selected antenna pattern is one of the plurality of antenna patterns that is formed when the conductive member of the switchable ground element is coupled to the ground reference; and
identifying a first data rate at which packets can be transmitted to a client electronic device using the first transmit/receive chain with the first antenna set to generate the selected antenna pattern, wherein the first data rate is a highest data rate of a set of data rates at which the packets can be transmitted to the client electronic device with the first antenna set to generate the selected antenna pattern while satisfying a selected performance criterion.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising identifying a second data rate at which packets can be transmitted to the client electronic device using the first transmit/receive chain, wherein the second data rate is identified using a beamforming algorithm for the first antenna.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second data rate is the highest data rate of the set of data rates at which the packets can be transmitted to the client electronic device while satisfying the selected performance criterion when the first antenna has one of the plurality of antenna patterns that is identified by the beamforming algorithm.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising transmitting packets to the client electronic device at the higher of the first data rate and the second data rate, where the antenna pattern for the first antenna is the one of the antenna patterns that is identified by the beamforming algorithm if the second data rate exceeds the first data rate, and is the selected antenna pattern if the first data rate exceeds the second data rate.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein identifying the second data rate comprises:
using the beamforming algorithm to identify one of the plurality of antenna patterns for the first antenna to use with respect to communications between the access point and the client electronic device;
transmitting additional packets through the first antenna to the client electronic device using the identified antenna pattern, where the additional packets are transmitted at two or more data rates in the set of data rates; and
identifying whether the selected performance criterion is met for the additional packets transmitted at each of the two or more data rates in the set of data rates to identify the second data rate.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein identifying the first data rate comprises:
setting the electronically controlled switch of the switchable ground element so that the conductive member is electrically connected to the ground reference;
transmitting additional packets to the client electronic device using the first transmit/receive chain with the first antenna set to generate the selected antenna pattern, where the additional packets are transmitted at two or more data rates in the set of data rates, and
identifying whether the selected performance criterion is met for the additional packets transmitted at each of the two or more data rates in the set of data rates to identify the first data rate.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the switchable ground element is configured to increase isolation between the first and second antennas when the conductive member is coupled to the ground reference.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conductive member comprises a reflector.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the switchable ground element is positioned between the first antenna and the second antenna.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second antennas are separated by a distance that is less than a wavelength at a center frequency of the first frequency band.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the performance criterion is a packet error rate.
12. A method of operating an access point having a first antenna and a second antenna and a switchable ground element that comprises a conductive member that is connected to an electrical ground reference via an electronically controlled switch, the method comprising:
identifying a first data rate at which packets can be transmitted to a client electronic device through the first antenna when the first antenna unit is set to generate a selected antenna pattern that is an antenna pattern that is formed when the conductive member of the switchable ground element is coupled to ground, wherein the first data rate is a highest data rate of a set of data rates at which the packets can be transmitted while satisfying a selected performance criterion;
identifying a second data rate at which packets can be transmitted to the client electronic device through the first antenna using an antenna pattern that is identified by a beamforming algorithm; and
transmitting packets to the client electronic device at the higher of the first data rate and the second data rate, where the antenna pattern for the first antenna is the antenna pattern identified by the beamforming algorithm if the second data rate exceeds the first data rate, and is the selected antenna pattern if the first data rate exceeds the second data rate.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the switchable ground element is configured to increase isolation between the first and second antennas when coupled to the ground reference.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the conductive member is configured to be resonant at the center frequency of an operational frequency band of the first antenna.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first antenna and the second antenna are configured to transmit signals having a same polarization.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein a first distance between the first antenna and the second antenna is greater than a second distance between the first antenna and the switchable ground element and is also greater than a third distance between the second antenna and the switchable ground element, and wherein the switchable ground element comprises a reflector.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein a first distance between the first antenna and the second antenna is less than either a second distance between the first antenna and the switchable ground element or a third distance between the second antenna and the switchable ground element, and wherein the switchable ground element comprises a director.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein a first radio that is connected to the first antenna and a second radio that is connected to the second antenna are both mounted on a main printed circuit board of the access point, and wherein the first antenna is formed in the main printed circuit board.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the second antenna and the conductive member of the switchable ground element are also formed in the main printed circuit board.
20. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first and second antennas are separated by a distance that is less than a wavelength at a center frequency of an operating frequency band of the first antenna.