End effectors and methods for adhesively attaching a first part to a second part

1. An end effector for adhesively attaching a first part to a second part, the end effector comprising:

a support;

a first nozzle, coupled to the support and movable relative to the support, wherein the first nozzle comprises:

a first-nozzle body, comprising a first-nozzle-body outlet port; and

a first-nozzle separator plate, extending from the first-nozzle body;

a second nozzle, coupled to the support and movable relative to the support, wherein the second nozzle comprises:

a second-nozzle body, comprising a second-nozzle-body outlet port; and

a second-nozzle separator plate, extending from the second-nozzle body;

a first ultrasonic-sensor roller, coupled to the support such that the first ultrasonic-sensor roller is translationally movable relative to the support wherein the first ultrasonic-sensor roller is rotatable relative to the support and is located between the first nozzle and the second nozzle; and

a second ultrasonic-sensor roller, coupled to the support such that the second ultrasonic-sensor roller is translationally movable relative to the support wherein the second ultrasonic-sensor roller is rotatable relative to the support and is located between the first ultrasonic-sensor roller and the second nozzle.

2. The end effector according to claim 1 , further comprising a part-retention roller, coupled to the support, rotatable relative to the support, and located between the first ultrasonic-sensor roller and the second ultrasonic-sensor roller.

3. The end effector according to claim 1 , further comprising:

a first-nozzle biasing member, configured to bias the first nozzle away from the support; and

a second-nozzle biasing member, configured to bias the second nozzle away from the support.

4. The end effector according to claim 1 , further comprising:

a first arm, coupling the first nozzle to the support; and

a second arm, coupling the second nozzle to the support wherein:

the first arm is pivotable, relative to the support, such that the first arm is selectively pivotable to one of a first-arm disengaged position or a first-arm engaged position;

the second arm is pivotable, relative to the support, such that the second arm is selectively pivotable to one of a second-arm disengaged position or a second-arm disengaged position; and

the first-nozzle separator plate is closer to the second-nozzle separator plate when the first arm is in the first-arm engaged position and the second arm is in the second-arm engaged position than when the first arm is in the first-arm disengaged position and the second arm is in the second-arm disengaged position.

5. The end effector according to claim 4 , further comprising:

a first-nozzle biasing member, configured to bias the first nozzle away from the support; and

a second-nozzle biasing member, configured to bias the second nozzle away from the support,

wherein:

the first-nozzle biasing member is a compression spring, coupled to the first nozzle and to the first arm; and

the second-nozzle biasing member is a compression spring, coupled to the second nozzle and to the second arm.

6. The end effector according to claim 4 , further comprising a first-arm axis, wherein:

the first arm is pivotable, relative to the support, about the first-arm axis; and

the second arm is pivotable, relative to the support, about the first-arm axis.

7. The end effector according to claim 6 , further comprising:

a part-retention roller, coupled to the support rotatable relative to the support, and located between the first ultrasonic-sensor roller and the second ultrasonic-sensor roller; and

a roller axis,

wherein:

the part-retention roller is rotatable about the roller axis; and

a virtual plane, containing the first-arm axis, is perpendicular to a virtual plane, containing the roller axis.

8. The end effector according to claim 4 , further comprising a first-arm axis and a second-arm axis which is parallel to the first-arm axis, wherein:

the first arm is pivotable, relative to the support about the first-arm axis; and

the second arm is pivotable, relative to the support about the second-arm axis.

9. The end effector according to claim 8 , further comprising:

a part-retention roller, coupled to the support rotatable relative to the support, and located between the first ultrasonic-sensor roller and the second ultrasonic-sensor roller; and

a roller axis;

wherein:

the part-retention roller is rotatable about the roller axis; and

virtual planes, containing the first-arm axis and the second-arm axis respectively, are perpendicular to a virtual plane, containing the roller axis.

10. The end effector according to claim 4 , further comprising a positive-pressure source, wherein:

the first nozzle is fluidically coupled with the positive-pressure source;

the second nozzle is fluidically coupled with the positive-pressure source;

the first-nozzle-body outlet port is configured to dispense an adhesive in a first-nozzle dispensing direction;

the second-nozzle-body outlet port is configured to dispense the adhesive in a second-nozzle dispensing direction; and

when the first arm is in the first-arm engaged position, and when the second arm is in the second-arm engaged position, the first nozzle and the second nozzle are oriented relative to each other such that a ray, corresponding with the first-nozzle dispensing direction, is directed toward and is co-linear with a ray, corresponding with the second-nozzle dispensing direction.

11. The end effector according to claim 4 , wherein:

the first arm couples the first ultrasonic-sensor roller to the support and

the second arm couples the second ultrasonic-sensor roller to the support.

12. The end effector according to claim 11 , further comprising:

a first-sensor biasing member, coupled to the first arm and configured to bias the first ultrasonic-sensor roller away from the support; and

a second-sensor biasing member, coupled to the second arm and configured to bias the second ultrasonic-sensor roller away from the support.

13. The end effector according to claim 4 , wherein:

the first-nozzle separator plate comprises a first-nozzle-separator-plate first-part engagement surface and a first-nozzle-separator-plate second-part engagement surface;

the first-nozzle-separator-plate first-part engagement surface and the first-nozzle-separator-plate second-part engagement surface are parallel to each other;

the second-nozzle separator plate comprises a second-nozzle-separator-plate first-part engagement surface and a second-nozzle-separator-plate second-part engagement surface;

the second-nozzle-separator-plate first-part engagement surface and the second-nozzle-separator-plate second-part engagement surface are parallel to each other;

when the first arm is in the first-arm disengaged position, and the second arm is in the second-arm disengaged position, the first-nozzle-separator-plate first-part engagement surface and the second-nozzle-separator-plate first-part engagement surface are non-coplanar; and

when the first arm is in the first-arm engaged position, and the second arm is in the second-arm engaged position, the first-nozzle-separator-plate first-part engagement surface and the second-nozzle-separator-plate first-part engagement surface are coplanar.

14. The end effector according to claim 4 , further comprising a positive-pressure source, wherein:

the first nozzle is fluidically coupled with the positive-pressure source; and

the second nozzle is fluidically coupled with the positive-pressure source.

15. The end effector according to claim 4 , further comprising:

a first linear slide coupling the first nozzle to the first arm such that the first nozzle is movable relative to the first arm; and

a second linear slide, coupling the second nozzle to the second arm such that the second nozzle is movable relative to the second arm.

16. The end effector according to claim 4 , further comprising:

a first actuator, coupled to the support and to the first arm, wherein the first actuator is selectively actuatable such that the first arm pivots to one of the first-arm engaged position or the first-arm disengaged position; and

a second actuator, coupled to the support and the second arm, wherein the second actuator is selectively actuatable such that the second arm pivots to one of the second-arm engaged position or the second-arm disengaged position.

17. The end effector according to claim 1 , further comprising a proximity sensor, coupled to the support and configured to emit an electromagnetic field and detect changes in the electromagnetic field.

18. A method of using the end effector of claim 1 for adhesively attaching the first part, which comprises a first-part faying surface WO, to the second part, which comprises a first second-part faying surface and a second second-part faying surface, spaced away from the first second-part faying surface, the method comprising steps of:

moving the first nozzle, relative to the support such that the first-nozzle separator plate is inserted between and separates the first-part faying surface and the first second-part faying surface;

moving the second nozzle, relative to the support such that the second-nozzle separator plate is inserted between and separates the first-part faying surface and the second second-part faying surface;

with the first-nozzle separator plate inserted between and separating the first-part faying surface and the first second-part faying surface:

dispensing an adhesive in a first-nozzle dispensing direction, from the first-nozzle-body outlet port into a first space, defined between the first-part faying surface and the first second-part faying surface; and

detecting presence of the adhesive between the first-part faying surface and the first second-part faying surface by using the first ultrasonic-sensor roller; and

with the second-nozzle separator plate inserted between and separating the first-part faying surface and the second second-part faying surface:

dispensing the adhesive, in a second-nozzle dispensing direction, from the second-nozzle-body outlet port into a second space, defined between the first-part faying surface and the second second-part faying surface, wherein the first-nozzle dispensing direction is toward and opposite the second-nozzle dispensing direction; and

detecting the presence of the adhesive between the first-part faying surface and the second second-part faying surface by using the second ultrasonic-sensor roller.

19. The method according to claim 18 , further comprising a step of translationally moving the end effector, relative to the first part and the second part, perpendicular to rays, corresponding to the first-nozzle dispensing direction and the second-nozzle dispensing direction, simultaneously with the steps of dispensing the adhesive in the first-nozzle dispensing direction and dispensing the adhesive in the second-nozzle dispensing direction.

20. The method according to claim 19 , further comprising, simultaneously with the step of translationally moving the end effector relative to the first part and the second part, steps of:

rolling the first ultrasonic-sensor roller along a first outer surface of the second part, wherein the first outer surface and the first second-part faying surface face away from each other; and

rolling the second ultrasonic-sensor roller along a second outer surface of the second part, wherein the second outer surface and the second second-part faying surface face away from each other.