Multipath hybrid regulator
The present document describes a power converter configured to convert electrical power at an input voltage at an input of the power converter to electrical power at an output voltage at an output of the power converter. The power converter comprises a first flying capacitor, a second flying capacitor and a third flying capacitor, as well as an inductor and a set of power switches. Furthermore, the power converter comprises a control unit configured to control the set of power switches such that during an operation cycle the power converter is operated in a first state and in a second state in a mutually exclusive manner.
1. A power converter configured to convert electrical power at an input voltage at an input of the power converter to electrical power at an output voltage at an output of the power converter; wherein the power converter comprises,
a first flying capacitor, a second flying capacitor and a third flying capacitor;
an inductor;
a set of power switches; and
a control unit configured to control the set of power switches such that during an operation cycle the power converter is operated in a first state and in a second state in a mutually exclusive manner;
wherein within the first state, the power converter exhibits
a first current from ground through the second flying capacitor, through the first flying capacitor and through the Inductor to the output; and
a second current from the input through the third flying capacitor to the output; and
wherein within the second state, the power converter exhibits
a first current from ground through the third flying capacitor, through the second flying capacitor and through the inductor to the output; and
a second current from ground through the first flying capacitor to the output.
2. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein
the control unit is configured to control the set of power switches during a sequence of subsequent operation cycles; and
each operation cycle comprises a first state and a second state.
3. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to control the set of power switches such that
the first state and the second state are repeated in an alternating manner; and/or
a duty cycle and/or duration of the first state Is equal to a duty cycle and/or duration of the second state.
4. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein
the control unit is configured to control the set of power switches such that during an operation cycle the power converter is operated in a first Intermediate state, which in particular lies in between the first state and the second state and/or in between the second state and the first state; and
within the first intermediate state, the power converter exhibits
a first current from ground through the inductor to the output; and
a second current from the input through the third flying capacitor to the output, and from ground through the first flying capacitor to the output.
5. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein
the control unit ( 120 ) is configured to control the set of power switches such that during an operation cycle the power converter is operated in a second intermediate state, which in particular lies in between the first state and the second state and/or in between the second state and the first state; and
within the second intermediate state, the power converter exhibits
a first current from Input through the inductor to the output; and
a second current from the input through the third flying capacitor to the output, and from ground through the first flying capacitor to the output.
6. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the set of power switches comprises a series of power switches which are arranged in series between the input voltage and ground.
7. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the set of power switches comprises
a first power switch with an input node coupled to the input and an output node coupled to a second power switch;
the second power switch with an input node coupled to the output node of the first power switch and an output node coupled to a third power switch;
the third power switch with an input node coupled to the output node of the second power switch and an output node coupled to a seventh power switch;
the seventh power switch with an input node coupled to the output node of the third power switch and an output node coupled to a tenth power switch;
the tenth power switch with an input node coupled to the output node of the seventh power switch and an output node coupled to an eleventh power switch;
the eleventh power switch with an input node coupled to the output node of the tenth power switch and an output node coupled to an eighth power switch;
the eighth power switch with an input node coupled to the output node of the eleventh power switch and an output node coupled to a fourth power switch;
the fourth power switch with an input node coupled to the output node of the eighth power switch and an output node coupled to a fifth power switch;
the fifth power switch with an input node coupled to the output node of the fourth power switch and an output node coupled to a sixth power switch; and
the sixth power switch with an input node coupled to the output node of the fifth power switch and an output node coupled to ground.
8. The power converter of claim 7 , wherein,
the Inductor is arranged between the output node of the fourth switch and the output of the power converter; and/or
the first flying capacitor is arranged between the output node of the third switch and the output node of the eighth switch; and/or
the second flying capacitor is arranged between the output node of the second switch and the output node of the fifth switch; and/or
the third flying capacitor is arranged between the output node of the first switch and the output node of the tenth switch.
9. The power converter of claim 7 , wherein the control unit Is configured
to cause the first power switch, the third power switch, the tenth power switch, the fourth power switch and the sixth power switch to be closed; and to cause the second power switch, the seventh power switch, the eleventh power switch, the eighth power switch and the fifth power switch to be open, for putting the power converter in the first state; and/or
to cause the first power switch, the third power switch, the tenth power switch, the fourth power switch and the sixth power switch to be open; and to cause the second power switch, the seventh power switch, the eleventh power switch, the eighth power switch and the fifth power switch to be closed, for putting the power converter in the second state.
10. The power converter of claim 7 , wherein the power converter comprises a ninth power switch with an input node coupled to the output node of the first power switch and an output node coupled to the input node of the fifth power switch.
11. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein
the first state is such that the inductor is magnetized, the second flying capacitor is discharged, the first flying capacitor is charged and/or the third flying capacitor is charged; and/or
the second state Is such that the inductor remains neutral, the second flying capacitor is charged, the first flying capacitor is discharged and/or the third flying capacitor is discharged.
12. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein
the power converter comprises a voltage control circuit configured to set a voltage across the second flying capacitor to a target voltage; and
in particular the target voltage is the input voltage minus two times the output voltage.
13. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to
regulate the output voltage to one fourth of the input voltage; and/or
set a target conversion ratio between the input voltage and the output voltage, in particular a target conversion ratio of 0.25; and/or
adjust a duty cycle of the first state and of the second state to modify a conversion ratio between the input voltage and the output voltage.
14. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to
determine whether a target conversion ratio between the input voltage and the output voltage is equal to or smaller than 0.5, or greater than 0.5;
operate the power converter alternately in the first state and in the second state, if the target conversion ratio is equal to or smaller than 0.5; and
operate the power converter alternately in a modified first state and in a modified second state, if the target conversion ratio is greater than 0.5;
wherein within the modified first state, the power converter exhibits
a first current from ground through the second flying capacitor and through the inductor to the output; and
a second current from ground through the first flying capacitor to the output; and
wherein within the modified second state, the power converter exhibits
a first current from the input through the second flying capacitor and through the inductor to the output; and
a second current from the input through the third flying capacitor to the output, and from ground through the first flying capacitor to the output.
15. A method for operating a power converter which is configured to convert electrical power at an input voltage at an input of the power converter to electrical power at an output voltage at an output of the power converter;
wherein the power converter comprises,
a first flying capacitor, a second flying capacitor and a third flying capacitor;
an inductor,
a set of power switches; and
wherein the method comprises controlling the set of power switches such that during an operation cycle the power converter is operated in a first state and in a second state in a mutually exclusive manner;
wherein within the first state, the power converter exhibits
a first current from ground through the second flying capacitor, through the first flying capacitor and through the inductor to the output; and
a second current from the input through the third flying capacitor to the output; and
wherein within the second state, the power converter exhibits
a first current from ground through the third flying capacitor, through the second flying capacitor and through the inductor to the output; and
a second current from ground through the first flying capacitor to the output.