Energy efficient soundproofing window retrofits
Described herein are window retrofits including a monolithic silica aerogel slab having (i) an average haze value of <5% as calculated in accordance with ASTM standard D1003-13 and (ii) a U-factor of <0.5 BTU/sf/hr/° F., and a transparent polymer envelope sealed at an internal pressure of ≤1 atmosphere, wherein the monolithic silica aerogel slab is encapsulated in the transparent polymer envelope. The monolithic aerogel slab can have a transmittance >94% at 8 mm thickness. The window retrofit can be bonded to a glass sheet.
1. A window retrofit comprising:
a monolithic silica aerogel slab; and
a transparent polymer envelope,
wherein the monolithic silica aerogel slab is encapsulated in the transparent polymer envelope.
2. The window retrofit of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic aerogel slab has a transmittance >94% at 8 mm thickness.
3. The window retrofit of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic aerogel slab has a transmittance >96% at 3 mm thickness.
4. The window retrofit of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic silica aerogel slab comprises pores having a mean radius of less than 5 nm.
5. The window retrofit of claim 1 , further comprising a low-emissivity coating disposed on a surface of the transparent polymer envelope.
6. The window retrofit of claim 1 , further comprising an anti-reflective coating disposed on a surface of the transparent polymer envelope.
7. The window retrofit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a glass sheet, the monolithic silica aerogel slab being bonded to the glass sheet,
wherein the transparent polymer envelope encapsulates the monolithic silica aerogel slab bonded to the glass sheet.
8. The window retrofit of claim 1 , wherein the slab has the U-factor of <0.5 BTU/sf/hr/° F. at an external temperature of −15° C. or greater.
9. The window retrofit of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic silica aerogel slab has a porosity of at least 90%.
10. The window retrofit of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic silica aerogel slab has a density selected from a range of 0.1 g/cm 3 to 0.2 g/cm 3 .
11. The window retrofit of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic silica aerogel slab has a thermal conductivity selected from a range of 0.005 W/m·K to 0.025 W/m·K.
12. The window retrofit of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic silica aerogel slab comprises cross-linked polymers.
13. The window retrofit of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic silica aerogel slab has an average sound transmission loss of 10 dB or greater at one or more frequencies selected from a range of 50 Hz to 1600 Hz.
14. The window retrofit of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic silica aerogel slab has a compressive strength of more than 2 MPa.
15. The window retrofit of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic silica aerogel slab has a bending strength of more than 1 MPa.
16. The window retrofit of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic silica aerogel slab has a Young's modulus of more than 5 MPa.
17. A window pane comprising:
the window retrofit of claim 1 bonded to a glass sheet.
18. A method for producing an aerogel-glass sheet assembly, the method comprising:
forming a monolithic silica aerogel slab; and
bonding the monolithic silica aerogel slab to a glass sheet.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein forming the monolithic silica aerogel slab comprises:
diluting tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) by methanol to create a TMOS solution; and
combining the TMOS solution with an ammonia solution comprising ammonia and water to form a silica aerogel precursor, wherein a ratio of ammonia to TMOS is less than 0.0025.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
allowing the silica aerogel precursor to gel, thereby forming a silica aerogel.
21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising:
annealing the silica aerogel to reduce a pore size of pores in the silica aerogel.
22. The method of claim 18 , wherein bonding the monolithic silica aerogel slab to the glass sheet comprises inducing a van der Waals bond between the aerogel slab and glass sheet.
23. The method of claim 18 , wherein bonding the monolithic silica aerogel slab to the glass sheet comprises applying an optically transparent adhesive to a surface of either the aerogel slab or the glass sheet.
24. The window retrofit of claim 4 , wherein the pore radius has a standard deviation within 3 nm.
25. An aerogel-glass sheet assembly, comprising:
a glass sheet; and
a monolithic silica aerogel slab bonded to the glass sheet.
26. The aerogel-glass sheet assembly of claim 25 , wherein the monolithic aerogel slab has a transmittance >94% at 8 mm thickness.
27. The aerogel-glass sheet assembly of claim 25 , wherein the monolithic aerogel slab has a transmittance >96% at 3 mm thickness.
28. The aerogel-glass sheet assembly of claim 25 , wherein the aerogel slab comprises pores.
29. The aerogel-glass sheet assembly of claim 25 , wherein the pores have a mean radius of less than 5 nm.
30. The aerogel-glass sheet assembly of claim 25 , wherein the pore radius has a standard deviation within 3 nm.
31. The aerogel-glass sheet assembly of claim 25 , wherein the aerogel slab is bonded to the glass sheet by a van der Waals bond.
32. The aerogel-glass sheet assembly of claim 25 , wherein the aerogel slab is bonded to the glass sheet by an optically transparent adhesive.
33. The aerogel-glass sheet assembly of claim 25 , wherein the slab has the U-factor of <0.5 BTU/sf/hr/° F. at an external temperature of −15° C. or greater.