Dopant-vacancy centers in materials and methods of making thereof
This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to color centers. In one aspect, a method includes providing diamond doped with a dopant. A heavy-ion is directed to the diamond that passes through the diamond. The heavy-ion forms a line of dopant-vacancy centers as it passes through the diamond.
1. A method comprising:
providing diamond, a plurality of layers of the diamond being delta-doped with a dopant, each layer of the plurality of layers being about 0.5 nanometers to 2 nanometers thick, and a spacing between adjacent layers of the plurality of layers being about 5 nanometers to 20 nanometers; and
directing a heavy-ion to the diamond that passes through the diamond, the heavy-ion forming a line of dopant-vacancy centers in the plurality of layers of the diamond as it passes through the diamond, a spacing between adjacent dopant-vacancy centers being about 5 nanometers to 20 nanometers.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dopant is a dopant from the group of nitrogen, silicon, and germanium.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heavy-ion is an ion of an element having an atomic number Z, wherein 63 (Eu)<Z<92 (U), or wherein the heavy-ion is a transuranic ion.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein an energy of the heavy-ion is about 0.5 GeV to 5 GeV.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the line of dopant-vacancy centers includes about 100 dopant-vacancy centers to 10,000 dopant-vacancy centers.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the line of dopant-vacancy centers is about 0.1 microns to 100 microns long.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a distribution of the dopant in each of the layers is random.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
removing a bar of the diamond, the bar including the line of dopant-vacancy centers.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the removing is performed using a focused ion beam.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the bar has dimensions of about 50 nanometers to 150 nanometers by about 50 nanometers to 150 nanometers by about 10 microns to 100 microns.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the bar has dimensions of about 100 nanometers by about 100 nanometers by about 20 microns.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the dopant in each of the layers is about 10 18 cm −3 to 10 20 cm −3 .
13. A method comprising:
providing a material, the material being a material from a group of diamond, silicon, silicon carbide, boron nitride, and aluminum nitride, a plurality of layers of the material being delta-doped with a dopant, each layer of the plurality of layers being about 0.5 nanometers to 2 nanometers thick, and a spacing between adjacent layers of the plurality of layers being about 5 nanometers to 20 nanometers; and
directing a heavy-ion to the material that passes through the material, the heavy-ion forming a line of dopant-vacancy centers in the plurality of layers of the material as it passes through the material, a spacing between adjacent dopant-vacancy centers being about 5 nanometers to 20 nanometers.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the dopant is a dopant from the group of nitrogen, silicon, and germanium.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the heavy-ion is an ion of an element having an atomic number Z, wherein 63 (Eu)<Z<92 (U), or wherein the heavy-ion is a transuranic ion.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein an energy of the heavy-ion is about 0.5 GeV to 5 GeV.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein a concentration of the dopant in each of the layers is about 10 18 cm −3 to 10 20 cm −3 .