Mimicked machine-readable codes, and methods
In one aspect, a 2D machine readable code is mimicked by a collection of graphic elements. This can involve choosing a location, within an input 2D code block, at which correlation between a first graphic element and the input 2D code block is maximized. An area around this location is then disqualified from further consideration. A second location is next chosen, within the input 2D code block but outside the disqualified area, at which correlation between a second graphic element and the input 2D code block is maximized. The process continues in this fashion, adding graphics and removing additional areas from consideration, until a threshold number of graphic elements has been placed. The elements are then assembled in their corresponding locations to yield a composite image block that provides features mimicking that of the input 2D code block, thereby enabling the composite image block to be decoded by a compliant code reader. A great variety of other signal rich art arrangements are also detailed.
1. A method of transforming a 2D image signal block into an alternate, mimicked, representation, comprising:
receiving, at a computer system, data defining the 2D image signal block and data defining a first image graphic, the 2D image signal block spanning an area that is more than 18 times as large as a square area spanned by the first image graphic, and with said computer system:
(a) performing a spatial correlation operation to determine a first image graphic placement location within the 2D image signal block at which correlation between the first image graphic and the 2D image signal block is maximized;
(b) disqualifying from future consideration an area of said 2D image signal block associated with said first image graphic placement location, said disqualifying yielding a disqualified area;
(c) performing a spatial correlation operation to determine a second image graphic placement location within the 2D image signal block but outside the disqualified area, at which correlation between a second image graphic and the 2D image signal block is maximized; and
(d) composing a counterpart 2D image signal block that graphically mimics the 2D image signal block by placing the first image graphic at said first image graphic placement location within the counterpart 2D image signal block and placing the second image graphic at the second image graphic placement location within the counterpart 2D image signal block;
wherein said method transforms the 2D image signal block into an alternate, mimicked, representation incorporating the first image graphic and the second image graphic.
2. The method of claim 1 in which the first image graphic and the second image graphic are identical.
3. The method of claim 1 in which the second image graphic is different than the first image graphic.
4. The method of claim 1 in which the second image graphic comprises the first image graphic, but at a different scale.
5. The method of claim 1 in which the second image graphic is the first image graphic, but at a different rotation.
6. The method of claim 1 in which the first image graphic and the second image graphic are bitonal graphics.
7. The method of claim 1 in which the first image graphic is a greyscale graphic, rather than a bitonal or color graphic.
8. The method of claim 1 in which the first image graphic is a color graphic, rather than a bitonal or greyscale graphic.
9. The method of claim 1 in which the input 2D image signal block is a machine-readable code that conveys a plural-symbol payload.
10. A physical item marked with a machine-readable code comprising plural image graphics of different sizes, shapes, and/or orientations, produced by the method of claim 9 .
11. The method of claim 1 that further includes repeating acts (b)-(d) for one or more cycles using additional image graphics, each cycle:
modifying the disqualified area to include a further area associated with a previously-chosen image graphic placement location within the 2D image signal block, said modifying yielding a modified disqualified area;
choosing a further image graphic placement location, within the 2D image signal block but outside the modified disqualified area, at which correlation between a further image graphic and the 2D image signal block is maximized; and
placing said further image graphic at said further image graphic placement location within the counterpart 2D image signal block.
12. The method of claim 1 that further includes:
dividing the 2D image signal block into plural original regions; and
for each of said plural original regions of the 2D image signal block, composing a counterpart region of the counterpart 2D image signal block by placing image graphics therein;
wherein an image graphic placed in a first counterpart region is not also placed in a second counterpart region.
13. The method of claim 12 in which the first counterpart region is composed of image graphics drawn from a first collection of one or more image graphics, and the second counterpart region is composed of image graphics drawn from a second collection of one or more image graphics, and the first collection of one or more image graphics and the second collection of one or more image graphics are different.
14. Apparatus for transforming a 2D image signal block into an alternate, mimicked, representation, comprising:
a computer system including a processor and a memory, the memory storing data defining the 2D image signal block and data defining a first image graphic, the 2D image signal block spanning an area that is more than 18 times as large as a square area spanned by the first image graphic:
means for performing a spatial correlation operation to determine a first image graphic placement location within the 2D image signal block at which correlation between the first image graphic and the 2D image signal block is maximized;
means for disqualifying from future consideration an area of said 2D image signal block associated with said first image graphic placement location, upon operation, said means for disqualifying yielding a disqualified area;
means for performing a spatial correlation operation to determine a second image graphic placement location within the 2D image signal block but outside the disqualified area, at which correlation between a second image graphic and the 2D image signal block is maximized; and
means for composing a counterpart 2D image signal block that graphically mimics the 2D image signal block by placing the first image graphic at said first image graphic placement location within the counterpart 2D image signal block and placing the second image graphic at the second image graphic placement location within the counterpart 2D image signal block;
wherein said apparatus serves to transform the 2D image signal block into an alternate, mimicked, representation incorporating the first image graphic and the second image graphic.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 in which the 2D image signal block is a machine-readable code that conveys a plural-symbol payload.
16. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising:
means for modifying a disqualified area to include a further area associated with a previously-chosen image graphic placement location within the 2D image signal block, upon operation, said means for modifying yielding a modified disqualified area;
means for choosing a further image graphic placement location, within the 2D image signal block but outside the modified disqualified area, at which correlation between a further image graphic and the 2D image signal block is maximized; and
means for placing said further image graphic at said further image graphic placement location within the counterpart 2D image signal block.
17. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising:
means for dividing the 2D image signal block into plural original regions; and
means for composing a counterpart region of the counterpart 2D image signal block by placing image graphics therein, for each of said plural original regions of the 2D image signal block,
wherein an image graphic placed in a first counterpart region is not also placed in a second counterpart region.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 in which the first counterpart region is composed of image graphics drawn from a first collection of one or more image graphics, and the second counterpart region is composed of image graphics drawn from a second collection of one or more image graphics, and the first collection of one or more image graphics and the second collection of one or more image graphics are different.
19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a computer system, cause the computer system to transform a 2D image signal block into an alternate, mimicked, representation, by performing operations comprising:
receiving data defining the 2D image signal block and data defining a first image graphic, the 2D image signal block spanning an area that is more than 18 times as large as a square area spanned by the first image graphic:
performing a spatial correlation operation to determine a first image graphic placement location within the 2D image signal block at which correlation between the first image graphic and the 2D image signal block is maximized;
disqualifying from future consideration an area of said 2D image signal block associated with said first image graphic placement location, upon operation, the disqualifying yielding a disqualified area;
performing a spatial correlation operation to determine a second image graphic placement location within the 2D image signal block but outside the disqualified area, at which correlation between a second image graphic and the 2D image signal block is maximized; and
composing a counterpart 2D image signal block that graphically mimics the 2D image signal block by placing the first image graphic at said first image graphic placement location within the counterpart 2D image signal block and placing the second image graphic at the second image graphic placement location within the counterpart 2D image signal block;
wherein said operations serve to transform the 2D image signal block into an alternate, mimicked, representation incorporating the first image graphic and the second image graphic.
20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19 that further comprises instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of the computer system, cause the computer system to repeat operations (b)-(d) for one or more cycles using additional image graphics, each cycle:
modifying the disqualified area to include a further area associated with a previously-chosen image graphic placement location within the 2D image signal block, the modifying, upon operation, yielding a modified disqualified area;
choosing a further image graphic placement location, within the 2D image signal block but outside the modified disqualified area, at which correlation between a further image graphic and the 2D image signal block is maximized; and
placing said further image graphic at said further image graphic placement location within the counterpart 2D image signal block.
21. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19 , further storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of the computer system, cause the computer system to perform operations comprising:
dividing the 2D image signal block into plural original regions; and
for each of said plural original regions of the 2D image signal block, composing a counterpart region of the counterpart 2D image signal block by placing image graphics therein;
wherein an image graphic placed in a first counterpart region is not also placed in a second counterpart region.
22. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 21 , in which execution of said instructions result in the first counterpart region being composed of image graphics drawn from a first collection of one or more image graphics, and the second counterpart region being composed of image graphics drawn from a second collection of one or more image graphics, and the first collection of one or more image graphics and the second collection of one or more image graphics are different.
23. The method of claim 1 in which the 2D image signal block spans an area that is less than 3200 times as large as the square area spanned by the first image graphic.
24. The method of claim 1 in which the 2D image signal block spans an area that is more than 900 times as large as the square area spanned by the first image graphic.