Supported hydrotreating catalysts having enhanced activity
This invention provides supported catalysts comprising a carrier, phosphorus, at least one Group VI metal, at least one Group VIII metal, and a polymer. In the supported catalyst, the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VI metal is about 1:1.5 to less than about 1:12, the molar ratio of the Group VI metal to the Group VIII metal is about 1:1 to about 5:1, and the polymer has a carbon backbone and comprises an amido group. Also provided are a process for preparing such supported catalysts, as well as methods for hydrotreating, hydrodenitrogenation, and/or hydrodesulfurization, using supported catalysts.
1. A supported catalyst comprising a carrier, phosphorus, at least one Group VI metal, at least one Group VIII metal, and a polymer, where
the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VI metal is about 1:1.5 to less than about 1:12,
the molar ratio of the Group VI metal to the Group VIII metal is about 1:1 to about 5:1, and
the polymer has a carbon backbone and comprises an amido group.
2. A supported catalyst as in claim 1 wherein:
said carrier is carbon, carbon in combination with one or more inorganic oxides, boria, titania, silica, alumina, silica-alumina, alumina with silica-alumina dispersed therein, alumina-coated silica, silica-coated alumina, alumina containing boron, alumina containing silicon, alumina containing titanium, or a combination of any two or more of these;
the polymer is polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, poly(N-isopropyl)acrylamide, poly(N-hydroxymethyl)acrylamide, poly(N-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide, poly(N-methoxymethyl)acrylamide, poly(N-ethoxymethyl)acrylamide, or a co-polymer of any two or more of the foregoing; and/or
said Group VI metal is molybdenum and/or tungsten, and/or wherein said Group VIII metal is nickel and/or cobalt.
3. A supported catalyst as in claim 2 wherein the carrier is carbon, or alumina containing boron, alumina containing silicon, and/or alumina containing titanium.
4. A supported catalyst as in claim 1 wherein the polymer is polyacrylamide.
5. A supported catalyst as in claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VI metal is about 1:2.5 to less than about 1:12, and/or wherein the catalyst has a polymer loading of about 1.5 wt % or more, relative to the total weight of the carrier, Group VI metal, Group VIII metal, and phosphorus, where the Group VI metal, Group VIII metal, and phosphorus are expressed as their oxides.
6. A supported catalyst as in claim 1 which has an average particle size of about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm.
7. A supported catalyst as in claim 1 wherein the carrier is about 40 wt % to about 80 wt % relative to the total weight of the carrier, Group VI metal, Group VIII metal, and phosphorus, where the Group VI metal, Group VIII metal, and phosphorus are expressed as their oxides.
8. A method for hydrotreating, hydrodenitrogenation, and/or hydrodesulfurization, which method comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feed and a supported catalyst of claim 1 .
9. A process for forming a supported catalyst, which process comprises
I) bringing together a carrier, one or more monomer species, a solvent, at least one phosphorus compound, at least one Group VI metal compound, and at least one Group VIII metal compound, in any of the following combinations:
a) a carrier, one or more monomer species, and a solvent,
b) a carrier, one or more monomer species, at least one phosphorus compound, at least one Group VI metal compound, and at least one Group VIII metal compound, or
c) a carrier and an impregnation solution, forming an impregnated carrier, followed by mixing the impregnated carrier with one or more monomer species,
to form a monomer-containing mixture, where said one or more monomer species is soluble in the solvent and has carbon-carbon unsaturation and an amido group; and
II) initiating polymerization of at least a portion of said one or more monomer species in the monomer-containing mixture to form a polymerized product;
III) when the monomer-containing mixture in I) is formed as in a), either
A) contacting an impregnation solution and the monomer-containing mixture during the polymerization in II), or
B) contacting the polymerized product and an impregnation solution;
to form a supported catalyst, where the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VI metal is about 1:1.5 to less than about 1:12, where the molar ratio of the Group VI metal to the Group VIII metal is about 1:1 to about 5:1, and where said impregnation solution comprises a solvent, phosphorus, at least one Group VI metal, and at least one Group VIII metal.
10. A process as in claim 9 further comprising
removing excess solvent from the supported catalyst; and/or
sulfiding the supported catalyst.
11. A process as in claim 10 wherein the polymerizing is carried out during removal of excess solvent.
12. A process as in claim 9 wherein a single impregnation step is carried out
a) in I) when bringing together a carrier, one or more monomer species, at least one phosphorus compound, at least one Group VI metal compound, and at least one Group VIII metal compound;
b) in I), when bringing together a carrier and an impregnation solution; or
c) in III).
13. A process as in claim 9 wherein the monomer-containing mixture in I) is formed as in b).
14. A process as in claim 13 wherein:
said solvent is water;
said phosphorus compound is a water soluble acidic phosphorus compound;
said Group VI metal compound is an oxide or an oxo-acid; and/or
said Group VIII metal compound is a carbonate, hydroxide, or hydroxy-carbonate.
15. A process as in claim 14 wherein said Group VI metal compound is a molybdenum compound and/or a tungsten compound, and/or wherein said Group VIII compound is a nickel and/or cobalt compound.
16. A process as in claim 9 wherein:
the monomer species is acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide, N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide, N-methoxymethyl acrylamide, N-ethoxymethyl acrylamide; and/or
said carrier is carbon, boria, titania, silica, alumina, silica-alumina, alumina with silica-alumina dispersed therein, alumina-coated silica, silica-coated alumina, alumina containing boria, and/or alumina containing titania.
17. A process as in claim 9 wherein the monomer species is acrylamide.
18. A process as in claim 9 wherein the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VI metal is about 1:2.5 to less than about 1:12, and/or wherein the monomer species is in an amount of about 1.5 wt % or more, relative to the total weight of the carrier, Group VI metal compound, Group VIII metal compound, and phosphorus compound, where the Group VI metal compound, Group VIII metal compound, and the phosphorus compound are expressed as oxides.
19. A process as in claim 9 wherein a chemical substance is employed as an initiator, and wherein the chemical substance comprises a persulfate salt.
20. A process as in claim 9 wherein the carrier has been calcined and/or extruded prior to step I) of the process.
21. A process as in claim 20 wherein the carrier is alumina containing boron, alumina containing silicon, alumina containing titanium, or a combination of any two or more of these.
22. A process as in claim 21 wherein said Group VI metal is molybdenum and/or tungsten, and/or wherein said Group VIII compound is nickel and/or cobalt.
23. A method for hydrotreating, hydrodenitrogenation, and/or hydrodesulfurization, which method comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feed and a supported catalyst of claim 22 .
24. A process as in claim 9 wherein the carrier has an average particle size of about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, and wherein the supported catalyst has an average particle size of about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm.
25. A supported catalyst formed as in claim 9 .
26. A supported catalyst as claim 25 wherein:
the catalyst has an average particle size of about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm; and/or
the carrier is about 40 wt % to about 80 wt % relative to the total weight of the carrier, Group VI metal, Group VIII metal, and phosphorus, where the Group VI metal, Group VIII metal, and phosphorus are expressed as their oxides.