PBI films formed without use of organic solvents
A novel process for making PBI films starting from gel PBI membranes polymerized and casted in the PPA process wherein acid-imbibed gel PBIs are neutralized in a series of water baths and undergo controlled drying in association with a substrate material, yielding a PBI film without the use of organic solvents.
1. A dried polybenzimidazole (PBI) film exhibiting a tensile stress at break of at least 25 MPa and a VOSO 4 permeability of from 2.6×10 −9 cm 2 /s to 4.89×10 −7 cm 2 /s, wherein the dried PBI film includes a crosslinked polybenzimidazole that includes one or more of the following repeating units:
2. A process for forming the polybenzimidazole (PBI) film of claim 1 comprising:
polymerizing an aromatic or heteroaromatic tetraamino compound with at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic polycarboxylic acid or ester, anhydride, or acid chloride thereof or at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic diaminocarboxylic acid in the presence of a polyphosphoric acid solvent to form a PBI polymer solution that includes the PBI polymer in solution with the polyphosphoric acid solvent;
processing the PBI polymer solution to form a membrane precursor;
hydrolyzing at least a portion of the polyphosphoric acid to form phosphoric acid and water, thereby causing a sol-gel transfer of the PBI polymer solution and solidification of the PBI polymer to form a PBI gel membrane;
rinsing the PBI gel membrane and thereby removing the phosphoric acid from the gel membrane;
drying the rinsed PBI gel membrane as it is restrained on a porous substrate and thereby forming the PBI film.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the PBI gel membrane is rinsed in a series of washes.
4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the rinsed PBI gel membrane is dried as it is restrained between the porous substrate and a second substrate.
5. The process of claim 2 , wherein the second substrate is porous.
6. The process of claim 2 , wherein the process is a continuous process.
7. The process of claim 2 , further comprising imbibing the PBI file with an electrolyte.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the electrolyte comprises sulfuric acid.
9. The process of claim 2 , wherein the polymerization is carried out at a temperature of about 220° C. or less.
10. The process of claim 2 , wherein the PBI polymer solution exhibits an intrinsic viscosity of about 0.8 dL/g or greater.
11. A redox flow battery including the PBI film of claim 1 imbibed with a supporting electrolyte.
12. The Redox flow battery of claim 11 , the supporting electrolyte comprising sulfuric acid.
13. The Redox flow batter of claim 11 , wherein the supporting electrolyte is present in a concentration of from 0.1 M to 25 M.
14. The redox flow battery of claim 11 , wherein the redox flow battery is a vanadium redox flow battery.
15. The redox flow battery of claim 11 , wherein the PBI film exhibits over 98% Coulombic efficiency under a cell cycling current density of from 100 mA/cm 2 to 450 mA/cm 2 .