Submerged reverse osmosis system
A submerged offshore reverse osmosis desalination apparatus and method uses product water from the apparatus and an onshore cooler or heat exchanger to provide or improve the cooling of a Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC) system, power plant, data center, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) system, or Rankine Cycle heat engine.
1. A desalination and cooling system comprising a submerged offshore reverse osmosis desalination apparatus having:
a) one or more submerged osmotic membranes each having an inlet surface supplied with seawater at least partially under hydrostatic pressure and an outlet surface that provides desalinated product water containing less than 0.5 parts per thousand (ppt) dissolved inorganic salts by weight to a submerged product water collector in fluid communication with the outlet surface(s),
b) an at least partially submerged water discharge conduit in fluid communication with the collector and providing a pipeline that delivers the desalinated water to shore; and
an onshore heat exchanger in fluid communication with the water discharge conduit,
wherein the desalinated product water and onshore heat exchanger provide or improve the cooling of an onshore Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC) system or data center.
2. A system according to claim 1 wherein the submerged apparatus relies wholly upon hydrostatic pressure to drive seawater through the osmotic membranes.
3. A system according to claim 1 wherein the submerged apparatus does not include submerged frictional sliding surfaces, a submerged mechanical pump or a submerged valve.
4. A desalination and cooling system comprising a submerged offshore reverse osmosis desalination apparatus having:
a) one or more submerged osmotic membranes each having an inlet surface supplied with seawater at least partially under hydrostatic pressure and an outlet surface that provides desalinated water to a submerged product water collector in fluid communication with the outlet surface(s),
b) an at least partially submerged water discharge conduit in fluid communication with the collector and providing a pipeline that delivers the desalinated water to shore; and
an onshore cooler or heat exchanger in fluid communication with the water discharge conduit,
wherein the product water and onshore cooler or heat exchanger provide or improve the cooling of a Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC) system, power plant, data center, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) system, or Rankine Cycle heat engine, and
wherein the submerged apparatus includes an air supply for removing water from the collector via airlift, and an airflow valve that controls airflow into the collector or into the conduit so that the desalinated water is lifted by supplied air in an annular flow regime over 10% or more of the airlift depth.
5. A system according to claim 4 wherein the supplied air lifts desalinated water from the collector through the discharge water conduit using an air fraction of at least about 60%.
6. A system according to claim 4 wherein the supplied air lifts desalinated water from the collector through the discharge water conduit using an air fraction of at least about 80%.
7. A system according to claim 4 wherein the supplied air lifts desalinated water from the collector through the discharge water conduit at an air:water ratio sufficient to provide an annular flow regime over at least the upper 20% of the discharge water conduit.
8. A system according to claim 4 wherein when carrying out continuous desalination and continuous airlift, the backpressure downstream from the osmotic membranes, at the water discharge conduit, is less than about 290 psi (20 bar).
9. A system according to claim 1 wherein the osmotic membranes are not encased in a surrounding pressure-resistant housing.
10. A system according to claim 1 wherein the desalinated product water and onshore heat exchanger provide or improve the cooling of an onshore Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC) system.
11. A system according to claim 1 wherein the desalinated product water and onshore heat exchanger provide or improve the cooling of an onshore data center.
12. A method for desalination and cooling, the method comprising operating a submerged reverse osmosis desalination apparatus having:
a) one or more submerged osmotic membranes each having an inlet surface supplied with saltwater at least partially under hydrostatic pressure and an outlet surface that provides desalinated product water containing less than 0.5 parts per thousand (ppt) dissolved inorganic salts by weight to a submerged product water collector in fluid communication with the outlet surface(s),
b) an at least partially submerged water discharge conduit in fluid communication with the collector and providing a pipeline that delivers the desalinated water to shore; and
using the desalinated product water in an onshore heat exchanger in fluid communication with the water discharge conduit to provide or improve the cooling of an onshore Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC) system or data center.
13. A method according to claim 12 wherein the submerged apparatus relies wholly upon hydrostatic pressure to drive seawater through the osmotic membranes.
14. A method for desalination and cooling, the method comprising operating a submerged reverse osmosis desalination apparatus having:
a) one or more submerged osmotic membranes each having an inlet surface supplied with saltwater at least partially under hydrostatic pressure and an outlet surface that provides desalinated water to a submerged product water collector in fluid communication with the outlet surface(s),
b) an at least partially submerged water discharge conduit in fluid communication with the collector and providing a pipeline that delivers the desalinated water to shore; and
using the desalinated water in an onshore cooler or heat exchanger in fluid communication with the water discharge conduit to provide or improve the cooling of a Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC) system, power plant, data center, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) system, or Rankine Cycle heat engine,
wherein the submerged apparatus includes an air supply for removing water from the collector via airlift, and an airflow valve that controls airflow into the collector or into the conduit so that the desalinated water is lifted by supplied air in an annular flow regime over 10% or more of the airlift depth.
15. A method according to claim 14 wherein the supplied air lifts desalinated water from the collector through the discharge water conduit using an air fraction of at least about 60%.
16. A method according to claim 14 wherein the supplied air lifts desalinated water from the collector through the discharge water conduit at an air:water ratio sufficient to provide an annular flow regime over at least the upper 20% of the discharge water conduit.
17. A method according to claim 14 wherein when carrying out continuous desalination and continuous airlift, the backpressure downstream from the osmotic membranes, at the water discharge conduit, is less than about 290 psi (20 bar).
18. A method according to claim 12 wherein the osmotic membranes are not encased in a surrounding pressure-resistant housing.
19. A method according to claim 12 wherein the desalinated product water and onshore heat exchanger provide or improve the cooling of an onshore Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC) system.
20. A method according to claim 12 wherein the desalinated product water and onshore heat exchanger provide or improve the cooling of an onshore data center.
21. A method according to claim 12 further comprising supplying desalinated product water and from the heat exchanger to a potable water storage system.
22. A system according to claim 1 wherein the system supplies desalinated water from the heat exchanger to a potable water storage system.