Extrusion-compression method for producing bonded permanent magnets
A method for producing a bonded magnet, comprising: (i) low-shear compounding of a thermoplastic polymer and magnetic particles to form an initial homogeneous mixture thereof; (ii) feeding the initial homogeneous mixture into a plasticator comprising a low-shear single screw rotating unidirectionally toward a die orifice and housed within a heated barrel to result in heating of the initial homogeneous mixture until the thermoplastic polymer melts and forms a further homogeneous mixture, wherein said further homogeneous mixture is transported within threads of the single screw towards the die orifice and exits the die orifice as a solid pellet; (iii) conveying the solid pellet into a mold and compression molding the pellet in the mold, to form the bonded magnet, wherein the bonded magnet possesses a magnetic particle loading of at least 80 vol % and exhibits one or more magnetic properties varying by less than 5% throughout the bonded magnet.
1. A bonded magnet composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer and magnetic particles homogeneously dispersed therein, wherein said polymer composite possesses a magnetic particle loading of at least 80 vol %, and the polymer composite exhibits a maximum energy product varying by less than 5% throughout the bonded magnet composition.
2. The bonded magnet composition of claim 1 , wherein the bonded magnet composition possesses a magnetic particle loading of at least 85 vol %.
3. The bonded magnet composition of claim 1 , wherein said magnetic particles are soft magnetic particles.
4. The bonded magnet composition of claim 3 , wherein said soft magnetic particles have an iron oxide or iron-containing alloy composition.
5. The bonded magnet composition of claim 1 , wherein said magnetic particles are permanent magnetic particles.
6. The bonded magnet composition of claim 5 , wherein said permanent magnetic particles have a rare earth composition.
7. The bonded magnet composition of claim 6 , wherein said permanent magnetic particles have a samarium-containing, neodymium-containing, or praseodymium-containing composition.
8. The bonded magnet composition of claim 6 , wherein said permanent magnetic particles have a Nd 2 Fe 14 B composition.
9. The bonded magnet composition of claim 1 , wherein said mixture further comprises carbon fiber particles.
10. The bonded magnet composition of claim 1 , wherein said magnetic particles are magnetically anisotropic.
11. The bonded magnet composition of claim 1 , wherein said thermoplastic polymer comprises polycarbonate.
12. The bonded magnet composition of claim 1 , wherein said magnetic particles have an anisotropic shape.
13. The bonded magnet composition of claim 1 , wherein the bonded magnet composition possesses a magnetic particle loading of at least 90 vol %.
14. The bonded magnet composition of claim 1 , wherein said magnetic particles have a Nd 2 Fe 14 B composition and said thermoplastic polymer has a nylon composition.
15. The bonded magnet composition of claim 1 , wherein said bonded magnet composition possesses a maximum energy product of at least 15 MGOe.
16. A method for producing a bonded magnet, the method comprising:
(i) low-shear compounding of a thermoplastic polymer and magnetic particles to form an initial homogeneous mixture of said thermoplastic polymer and magnetic particles;
(ii) feeding said initial homogeneous mixture into a plasticator comprising a low-shear single screw rotating unidirectionally toward a die orifice, wherein said low-shear single screw is housed within a heated barrel to result in heating of the initial homogeneous mixture until the thermoplastic polymer melts and forms a further homogeneous mixture, wherein said further homogeneous mixture is transported within threads of the single screw towards the die orifice and exits the die orifice as a solid pellet;
(iii) conveying said solid pellet into a mold and subjecting said solid pellet to compression molding while said pellet is in said mold, to form said bonded magnet, wherein said bonded magnet possesses a magnetic particle loading of at least 80 vol % and exhibits a maximum energy product varying by less than 5% throughout the bonded magnet.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the bonded magnet composition possesses a magnetic particle loading of at least 85 vol %.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein said magnetic particles are soft magnetic particles.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein said soft magnetic particles have an iron oxide or iron-containing alloy composition.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein said magnetic particles are permanent magnetic particles.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein said permanent magnetic particles have a rare earth composition.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein said permanent magnetic particles have a samarium-containing, neodymium-containing, or praseodymium-containing composition.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein said permanent magnetic particles have a Nd 2 Fe 14 B composition.
24. The method of claim 16 , wherein said initial homogeneous mixture further comprises carbon fiber particles.
25. The method of claim 16 , wherein said magnetic particles are magnetically anisotropic.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein, in step (iii), the pellet is exposed to an external magnetic field as the pellet is subjected to compression, to result in magnetic and/or physical alignment of the anisotropic magnetic particles in the bonded magnet.
27. The method of claim 16 , wherein said thermoplastic polymer comprises polycarbonate.
28. The method of claim 16 , wherein said magnetic particles have an anisotropic shape.
29. The method of claim 16 , wherein said thermoplastic polymer and magnetic particles are derived from spent bonded magnet material.
30. The method of claim 29 , further comprising, before or during step (i), pulverizing spent bonded magnet material to provide the thermoplastic polymer and magnetic particles in step (i).
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein additional thermoplastic polymer, additional magnetic particles, or both, are added before or during step (i) or step (ii).
32. The method of claim 29 , wherein said thermoplastic polymer is selected from nylon, polyphenylene sulfide, and polycarbonate.
33. The method of claim 29 , wherein said thermoplastic polymer comprises polycarbonate.