Flow-based energy management

1. An energy management system for an energy storage device, which includes an energy storage medium, an energy converter configured to add heat energy to the medium using electrical power, a device temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the energy storage medium, and a device controller configured to control the energy converter based on a temperature signal from the device temperature sensor, the system comprising:

an energy input sensor configured to sense an electrical parameter of the electrical power and generate an energy input signal indicating a heat energy flow to the energy storage medium;

an energy output sensor configured to generate at least one energy output signal indicating a heat energy flow from the energy storage medium; and

a system controller configured to estimate a charge level of the energy storage medium based on an initial charge level of the energy storage medium and a change in the charge level of the energy storage medium, which is based on the energy input signal and the at least one energy output signal over a period of time,

wherein:

the charge level relates to an amount of heat energy that is either stored in the energy storage medium or that may be further stored in the energy storage medium; and

the energy storage medium is selected from the group consisting of water, ceramic bricks, salt, sand, and air.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein:

the system comprises memory containing one or more parameters relating to the energy storage device including a set temperature for the energy storage medium; and

the system controller estimates the initial charge level of the energy storage medium based on the energy input signal and the set temperature.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the energy converter comprises heating elements that convert the electrical power into heat energy for heating the energy storage medium, or a heat pump that uses the electrical energy to drive a compressor to compress a fluid to generate heat energy for heating the energy storage medium.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage medium comprises water contained in a tank.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage medium is selected from the group consisting of ceramic bricks, salt, and sand.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage medium comprises air.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein:

the energy input signal indicates whether electrical power is delivered to the energy converter;

the system comprises memory containing one or more parameters relating to the energy storage device including a rate of power consumption by the energy converter; and

the system controller estimates the change in the charge level of the energy storage medium based on the rate of power consumption and the energy input signal.

8. An energy management system for an energy storage device, which includes an energy storage medium, an energy converter configured to add heat energy to the medium, a device temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the energy storage medium, and a device controller configured to control the energy converter based on a temperature signal from the device temperature sensor, the system comprising:

an energy input sensor configured to generate at least one energy input signal indicating a heat energy flow to the energy storage medium;

an energy output sensor configured to generate at least one energy output signal indicating a heat energy flow from the energy storage medium; and

a system controller configured to estimate a charge level of the energy storage medium based on an initial charge level of the energy storage medium and a change in the charge level of the energy storage medium, which is based on the at least one energy input signal and the at least one energy output signal over a period of time,

wherein:

the charge level relates to an amount of heat energy that is either stored in the energy storage medium or that may be further stored in the energy storage medium;

the energy storage medium is selected from the group consisting of water, ceramic bricks, salt, sand, and air;

the energy converter includes a heat exchanger;

the heat energy flow to the energy storage medium includes an exchange of heat energy between a fluid flow and the energy storage medium using the heat exchanger;

the at least one energy input signal indicates at least one parameter of the fluid flow; and

wherein the fluid flow is contained in a closed circuit.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the energy input sensor comprises a first temperature sensor, and the at least one energy input signal is based on a first temperature signal from the first temperature sensor indicating a temperature of the fluid flow before the exchange of heat energy.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the energy input sensor comprises a flow rate sensor configured to detect a flow rate of the fluid flow, and the at least one energy input signal is based on a fluid flow signal from the flow rate sensor indicating a flow rate of the fluid flow.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the energy input sensor comprises a second temperature sensor, and the at least one energy input signal is based on a second temperature signal from the second temperature sensor indicating a temperature of the fluid flow after the exchange of heat energy.

12. The energy management system of claim 8 , wherein the energy storage medium is selected from the group consisting of ceramic bricks, salt, sand, and air.

13. A method of managing energy for an energy storage device, which includes an energy storage medium, an energy converter configured to add heat energy to the medium, a device temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the energy storage medium, and a device controller configured to control the energy converter based on a temperature signal from the device temperature sensor, the method comprising:

generating at least one energy input signal using an energy input sensor indicating heat energy input to the energy storage medium from the energy converter;

generating at least one energy output signal using an energy output sensor indicating heat energy output from the energy storage medium; and

estimating a charge level of the energy storage medium based on an initial charge level of the energy storage medium and a change in the charge level of the energy storage medium, which is based on the at least one energy input signal and the at least one energy output signal over a period of time, using a system controller,

wherein:

the charge level relates to an amount of heat energy that is either stored in the energy storage medium or that may be further stored in the energy storage medium;

the energy storage medium is selected from the group consisting of water, ceramic bricks, salt, sand, and air;

the at least one energy input signal indicates one of electrical power delivered to the energy converter and an exchange of heat energy between a fluid flow and the energy storage medium using a heat exchanger of the energy converter; and

the fluid flow is contained in a closed circuit.

14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:

obtaining a set temperature for the energy storage medium from a memory using the system controller; and

estimating the initial charge level of the energy storage medium based on the energy input signal and the set temperature.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein:

the energy converter is configured to heat the energy storage medium using the electrical power; and

the energy input sensor comprises an energy sensor configured to sense an electrical parameter of the electrical power and generate the at least one energy input signal, which is indicative of the sensed electrical parameter.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein:

the at least one energy input signal indicates whether electrical power is delivered to the energy converter;

the system comprises memory containing one or more parameters relating to the energy storage device including a rate of power consumption by the energy converter; and

the system controller estimates the change in the charge level of the energy storage medium based on the rate of power consumption and the at least one energy input signal.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the energy storage medium is selected from the group consisting of ceramic bricks, salt, sand, and air.

18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the at least one energy input signal indicates the exchange of heat energy between the fluid flow and the energy storage medium using the heat exchanger.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the energy storage medium is selected from the group consisting of ceramic bricks, salt, sand, and air.