Quantum chip, quantum processor and quantum computer
This application discloses methods and devices for a quantum chip, a quantum processor and a quantum computer, and relates to the field of quantum technology. The quantum chip includes a bottom sheet and a top sheet; a qubit array disposed on the top sheet, the qubit array comprising a plurality of qubits distributed in an array structure of M rows by N columns, and M and N being both integers greater than 1; a reading cavity disposed on the bottom sheet, and the reading cavity being configured to acquire status information of a qubit in the qubit array; and the bottom sheet and the top sheet being electrically connected.
1. A quantum chip, comprising:
a bottom sheet and a top sheet;
a qubit array disposed on the top sheet, the qubit array comprising a plurality of qubits distributed in an array structure of M rows by N columns, and M and N being both integers greater than 1;
a reading cavity disposed on the bottom sheet, and the reading cavity being configured to acquire status information of a qubit in the qubit array;
a filter disposed on the bottom sheet to acquire the status information of the qubit by reflective reading, wherein:
the filter is configured to extend a coherence time of the qubit in the qubit array to reduce energy relaxation of the qubit toward an environment surrounding the qubit, and
in the reflective reading, signal input and output ends share a same port; and
the bottom sheet and the top sheet being electrically connected.
2. The quantum chip according to claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of qubits comprise a plurality of data qubits and a plurality of measurement qubits;
for each of the M rows, the data qubits and the measurement qubits are arranged alternately one by one; and
for each of the N columns, the data qubits and the measurement qubits are arranged alternately one by one.
3. The quantum chip according to claim 1 , wherein:
each of the M rows comprises N qubits, and
each of the N columns comprises M qubits.
4. The quantum chip according to claim 1 , wherein:
the top sheet is located above the bottom sheet,
the reading cavity is disposed on a surface of the bottom sheet facing the top sheet, and
the qubit array is disposed on a surface of the top sheet facing the bottom sheet.
5. The quantum chip according to claim 1 , wherein the bottom sheet and the top sheet are electrically connected by metal solder joints.
6. The quantum chip according to claim 1 , wherein:
the filter is coupled to the reading cavity.
7. The quantum chip according to claim 6 , wherein the filter and the reading cavity are inductively coupled.
8. The quantum chip according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a bit control line disposed on the bottom sheet, the bit control line being configured to transmit a microwave control signal and a direct current (DC) bias signal, wherein:
the microwave control signal is used for driving a qubit in the qubit array to transition between different energy levels;
the DC bias signal is used for adjusting a frequency of the qubit; and
the microwave control signal and the DC bias signal share the bit control line.
9. The quantum chip according to claim 8 , wherein the bit control line is configured to drive the qubit to transition between different energy levels by mutual induction with the qubit.
10. The quantum chip according to claim 1 , wherein a region of the bottom sheet corresponding to the top sheet adopts a fully-enclosed air bridge to increase isolation between bit control signals.
11. The quantum chip according to claim 1 , wherein the quantum chip is a medium-scale quantum chip.
12. A quantum computer, comprising:
a quantum chip, wherein the quantum chip comprises:
a bottom sheet and a top sheet;
a qubit array disposed on the top sheet, the qubit array comprising a plurality of qubits distributed in an array structure of M rows by N columns, and M and N being both integers greater than 1;
a reading cavity disposed on the bottom sheet, and the reading cavity being configured to acquire status information of a qubit in the qubit array;
a filter disposed on the bottom sheet to acquire the status information of the qubit by reflective reading, wherein:
the filter is configured to extend a coherence time of the qubit in the qubit array to reduce energy relaxation of the qubit toward an environment surrounding the qubit, and
in the reflective reading, signal input and output ends share a same port; and
the bottom sheet and the top sheet being electrically connected.
13. The quantum computer according to claim 12 , wherein:
the plurality of qubits comprise a plurality of data qubits and a plurality of measurement qubits;
for each of the M rows, the data qubits and the measurement qubits are arranged alternately one by one; and
for each of the N columns, the data qubits and the measurement qubits are arranged alternately one by one.
14. The quantum computer according to claim 12 , wherein:
each of the M rows comprises N qubits, and
each of the N columns comprises M qubits.
15. The quantum computer according to claim 12 , wherein:
the top sheet is located above the bottom sheet,
the reading cavity is disposed on a surface of the bottom sheet facing the top sheet, and
the qubit array is disposed on a surface of the top sheet facing the bottom sheet.
16. A method for manufacturing a quantum chip, the method comprising:
constructing a bottom sheet and a top sheet;
disposing a qubit array on the top sheet, the qubit array comprising a plurality of qubits distributed in an array structure of M rows by N columns, and M and N being both integers greater than 1;
disposing a reading cavity on the bottom sheet, and the reading cavity being configured to acquire status information of a qubit in the qubit array;
disposing a filter on the bottom sheet to acquire the status information of the qubit by reflective reading, wherein:
the filter is configured to extend a coherence time of the qubit in the qubit array to reduce energy relaxation of the qubit toward an environment surrounding the qubit, and
in the reflective reading, signal input and output ends share a same port; and
electrically connecting the bottom sheet and the top sheet.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein:
the plurality of qubits comprise a plurality of data qubits and a plurality of measurement qubits;
for each of the M rows, the data qubits and the measurement qubits are arranged alternately one by one; and
for each of the N columns, the data qubits and the measurement qubits are arranged alternately one by one.
18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein:
each of the M rows comprises N qubits, and
each of the N columns comprises M qubits.
19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein:
the top sheet is located above the bottom sheet,
the reading cavity is disposed on a surface of the bottom sheet facing the top sheet, and
the qubit array is disposed on a surface of the top sheet facing the bottom sheet.