Beaded composite structures and methods for manufacturing beaded composite structures
A composite structure has a first layer connect to a second layer to form a layered structure. The second layer has a plurality of base portions abutting the first layer and a plurality of beaded portions protruding from the plurality of base portions. Each beaded portion of the plurality of beaded portions defines a channel between the first layer and the second layer. A method for manufacturing a composite structure includes depositing composite material over a tool to form a second layer. The second layer has a plurality of beaded portions and a plurality of base portions. The method includes distributing a plurality of mandrels over the second layer to define channels in the plurality of beaded portions. The method includes depositing composite material over the second layer and the plurality of mandrels to form a first layer. The method includes bonding the first layer to the second layer.
1. A composite structure comprising:
a first layer; and
a second layer connected to the first layer to form a layered structure, the second layer comprising:
a plurality of base portions abutting the first layer; and
a plurality of beaded portions protruding from the plurality of base portions, each beaded portion of the plurality of beaded portions defining a channel between the first layer and the second layer, at least one channel configured to have a system feature disposed between the first layer and the second layer;
at least one first access opening formed through the first layer into the at least one channel to provide access to the at least one channel and the system feature from outside the first layer of the layered structure; and
at least one second access opening formed through at least one beaded portion of the second layer into the at least one channel to provide ingress and egress for the system feature from outside the second layer of the composite structure; and
at least one third access opening formed through the first layer and at least one base portion of the second layer between an adjacent pair of beaded portions.
2. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein the first layer is substantially free of beaded portions.
3. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein the plurality of base portions and the plurality of beaded portions of the second layer comprise a single monolithic body.
4. The composite structure of claim 1 further comprising an adhesive disposed between the first layer and the second layer.
5. The composite structure of claim 4 wherein the adhesive is disposed between a first major surface of the first layer and a second major surface of the second layer along the base portions of the second layer.
6. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein each beaded portion of the plurality of beaded portions comprises opposed sidewall portions and a cap portion between the opposed sidewall portions.
7. The composite structure of claim 6 wherein:
the plurality of base portions have a first cross-sectional thickness,
the opposed sidewall portions have a second cross-sectional thickness,
the cap portion has a third cross-sectional thickness, and
the third cross-sectional thickness is substantially greater than the first cross-sectional thickness and substantially greater than the second cross-sectional thickness.
8. The composite structure of claim 6 wherein:
the plurality of base portions have a first cross-sectional thickness,
the opposed sidewall portions have a second cross-sectional thickness,
the cap portion has a third cross-sectional thickness, and
the first cross-sectional thickness, the second cross-sectional thickness, and the third cross-sectional thickness are substantially the same.
9. The composite structure of claim 6 wherein:
the plurality of base portions have a first cross-sectional thickness,
the first layer has a fourth cross-sectional thickness at each base portion of the plurality of base portions,
the first layer has a fifth cross-sectional thickness at each beaded portion of the plurality of beaded portions, and
the fifth cross-sectional thickness is substantially the same as a sum of the first cross-sectional thickness and the fourth cross-sectional thickness.
10. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein the layered structure defines a transition region where the second layer transitions from a base portion of the plurality of base portions to a beaded portion of the plurality of beaded portions, and wherein a filler material is disposed in the transition region between the first layer and the second layer.
11. The composite structure of claim 1 further comprising at least one access panel that seals the at least one third access opening.
12. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein:
each beaded portion of the plurality of beaded portions has a width,
each beaded portion of the plurality of beaded portions has a height, and
a ratio of (H 1 ) to (W 1 ) is less than 1.
13. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein each beaded portion of the plurality of beaded portions is elongated.
14. The composite structure of claim 13 wherein each beaded portion of the plurality of beaded portions comprises a tapered end cap that transitions to a base portion of the plurality of base portions.
15. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein the system feature comprises at least one of a wire, a conduit, a cable, a tube and an optical fiber.
16. The composite structure of claim 11 wherein the at least one access panel provides a fluid-tight seal over the at least one third access opening.
17. The composite structure of claim 10 wherein each beaded portion of the plurality of beaded portions comprises opposed sidewall portions and a cap portion between the opposed sidewall portions.
18. The composite structure of claim 17 further comprising an adhesive disposed between the first layer and the second layer.
19. The composite structure of claim 17 wherein each beaded portion of the plurality of beaded portions comprises a tapered end cap that transitions to a base portion of the plurality of base portions.
20. An aircraft wing comprising:
an upper skin panel; and
a lower skin panel, wherein at least one of the upper skin panel and the lower skin panel comprises:
a first layer; and
a second layer connected to the first layer to form a layered structure, the second layer comprising:
a plurality of base portions abutting the first layer; and
a plurality of beaded portions protruding from the plurality of base portions, each beaded portion of the plurality of beaded portions defining an associated channel of a plurality of channels between the first layer and the second layer, at least one channel of the plurality of channels configured to have a system feature disposed between the first layer and the second layer;
at least one first access opening formed through the first layer into the at least one channel to provide access to the at least one channel and the system feature from outside the first layer of the layered structure; and
at least one second access opening formed through at least one beaded portion of the second layer into the at least one channel to provide ingress and egress for the system feature from outside the second layer of the composite structure; and
at least one third access opening formed through the first layer and at least one base portion of the second layer between an adjacent pair of beaded portions,
wherein the system feature comprises at least one of a wire, a conduit, a cable, a tube and an optical fiber.