Single-certificate multi-factor authentication

1. A method of multi-factor authentication, the method comprising:

receiving, by a first electronic device, a partial digital certificate comprising:

only partial certificate information among complete certificate information, the partial certificate omitting at least one authentication factor from the complete certificate information, and

a digital signature encrypting a first hash of the complete certificate information with a certificate authority private key,

obtaining the first hash by decrypting, by the first electronic device, the digital signature with a certificate authority public key corresponding to the certificate authority private key;

supplying, by the first electronic device, the at least one authentication factor;

generating, by the first electronic device, a second hash based on a combination of the partial certificate information in the partial digital certificate with the at least one authentication factor; and

comparing, by the first electronic device, the second hash to the first hash,

wherein the first electronic device is an implanted medical device, and

wherein the at least one authentication factor comprises a time stamp from an internal clock of the implanted medical device, GPS coordinates of the implanted medical device, and/or a unique identification number of the implanted medical device.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

transmitting, from a second electronic device to the first electronic device, the partial digital certificate; and

authenticating the second electronic device in response to the second hash matching the first hash.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one authentication factor comprises a plurality of authentication factors.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the digital signature comprises a plurality of digital signatures, each digital signature of the plurality of digital signatures corresponding to the partial certificate information and one of the plurality of authentication factors.

5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the digital signature corresponds to the partial certificate information and each of the plurality of authentication factors.

6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the digital signature comprises a plurality of digital signatures, a first digital signature of the plurality of digital signatures corresponding to the partial certificate information and one of the plurality of authentication factors having a first value, and a second digital signature of the plurality of digital signatures corresponding to the partial certificate information and the one of the plurality of authentication factors having a second value different than the first value.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one authentication factor comprises a knowledge factor selected from the group consisting of a password, a pin code, a unique identifier of the second electronic device, and an answer to a secret question.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one authentication factor comprises an inherence factor selected from the group consisting of a fingerprint, an iris scan, a vocal sample, and a speech pattern.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one authentication factor comprises plain-text information.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein a memory of the first electronic device stores the certificate authority public key.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the digital signature was formed utilizing a signing algorithm selected from the group consisting of a standard Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA), an elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA), a Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) algorithm, and an elliptic curve RSA algorithm (ECRSA).

12. A method of multi-factor authentication, the method comprising:

transmitting, by a second electronic device, an authentication request to a first electronic device, the authentication request comprising a partial digital certificate comprising:

only partial certificate information among complete certificate information, the partial certificate information omitting at least one authentication factor from the complete certificate information, and

a digital signature encrypting a first hash of the complete certificate information with a certificate authority private key;

receiving, by the first electronic device, the partial digital certificate;

obtaining the first hash by decrypting, by the first electronic device, the digital signature with a certificate authority public key corresponding to the certificate authority private key;

supplying, by the first electronic device, the at least one authentication factor;

generating, by the first electronic device, a second hash based on a combination of the partial certificate information in the partial digital certificate with the at least one authentication factor; and

comparing, by the first electronic device, the second hash to the first hash,

wherein the first electronic device is an implanted medical device, and

wherein the at least one authentication factor comprises a time stamp from an internal clock of the implanted medical device, GPS coordinates of the implanted medical device, and/or a unique identification number of the implanted medical device.

13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising authenticating the second electronic device in response to the second hash matching the first hash.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one authentication factor comprises a plurality of authentication factors.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the digital signature comprises a plurality of digital signatures, each digital signature of the plurality of digital signatures corresponding to the partial certificate information and one of the plurality of authentication factors.

16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the digital signature corresponds to the partial certificate information and each of the plurality of authentication factors.

17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the digital signature comprises a plurality of digital signatures, a first digital signature of the plurality of digital signatures corresponding to the partial certificate information and one of the plurality of authentication factors having a first value, and a second digital signature of the plurality of digital signatures corresponding to the partial certificate information and the one of the plurality of authentication factors having a second value different than the first value.

18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one authentication factor comprises a knowledge factor selected from the group consisting of a password, a pin code, a unique identifier of the second electronic device, and an answer to a secret question.

19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one authentication factor comprises an inherence factor selected from the group consisting of a fingerprint, an iris scan, a vocal sample, and a speech pattern.

20. The method of claim 12 , further comprising receiving, by the first electronic device, the at least one authentication factor from the second electronic device.

21. The method of claim 12 , further comprising supplying, by the first electronic device, the at least one authentication factor.

22. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one authentication factor comprises plain-text information.

23. The method of claim 12 , wherein the digital signature was formed utilizing a signing algorithm selected from the group consisting of a standard Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA), an elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA), a Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) algorithm, and an elliptic curve RSA algorithm (ECRSA).

24. A system for single-certificate multi-factor authentication, comprising:

a first electronic device and a second electronic device, each of the first electronic device and the second electronic device comprising:

a processing unit;

a memory device, the memory device containing instructions executable by the processing unit;

a communication module; and

a system bus communicably linking the processing unit, the memory device, and the communication module,

wherein the instructions stored in the memory device of the second electronic device, when executed by the processing unit of the second electronic device, cause the communication module of the second electronic device to transmit an authentication request to the first electronic, the authentication request comprising a partial digital certificate comprising:

only partial certificate information among complete certificate information, the partial certificate information omitting at least one authentication factor from the complete certificate information, and

a digital signature encrypting a first hash of the complete certificate information with a certificate authority private key, and

wherein the instructions stored in the memory device of the first electronic device, when executed by the processing unit of the first electronic device, cause the first electronic device to:

decrypt the digital signature with a certificate authority public key corresponding to the certificate authority private key to obtain the first hash;

supply the at least one authentication factor;

generate a second hash based on the partial certificate information in the partial digital certificate and the at least one authentication factor; and

compare the second hash to the first hash,

wherein the first electronic device is an implanted medical device, and

wherein the at least one authentication factor comprises a time stamp from an internal clock of the implanted medical device, GPS coordinates of the implanted medical device, and/or a unique identification number of the implanted medical device.

25. The system of claim 24 , wherein the instructions stored in the memory device of the first electronic device, when executed by the processing unit of the first electronic device, further cause the first electronic device to authenticate the second electronic device in response to the second hash matching the first hash.

26. The system of claim 24 , wherein the at least one authentication factor comprises a plurality of authentication factors.

27. The system of claim 26 , wherein the digital signature comprises a plurality of digital signatures, each digital signature of the plurality of digital signatures corresponding to the partial certificate information and one of the plurality of authentication factors.

28. The system of claim 26 , wherein the digital signature corresponds to the partial certificate information and each of the plurality of authentication factors.

29. The system of claim 26 , wherein the at least one authentication factor comprises a knowledge factor selected from the group consisting of a password, a pin code, a unique identifier of the second electronic device, and an answer to a secret question.

30. The system of claim 26 , wherein the digital signature comprises a plurality of digital signatures, a first digital signature of the plurality of digital signatures corresponding to the partial certificate information and one of the plurality of authentication factors having a first value, and a second digital signature of the plurality of digital signatures corresponding to the partial certificate information and the one of the plurality of authentication factors having a second value different than the first value.

31. The system of claim 24 , wherein the at least one authentication factor comprises an inherence factor selected from the group consisting of a fingerprint, an iris scan, a vocal sample, and a speech pattern.

32. The system of claim 24 , wherein the instructions stored in the memory device of the second electronic device, when executed by the processing unit of the second electronic device, further cause the second electronic device to transmit the at least one authentication factor to the first electronic device.

33. The system of claim 24 , wherein the instructions stored in the memory device of the first electronic device, when executed by the processing unit of the first electronic device, further cause the second electronic device to supply the at least one authentication factor.

34. The system of claim 24 , wherein the at least one authentication factor comprises plain-text information.